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Muslim Expansion & Conquest

Muslim Expansion & Conquest. First four Caliphs. Muhammad’s closest followers Led Muslims after death of Muhammad Spread Islam into Syria, Egypt, Persia, & North Africa. Reasons for Muslim Successes. Muslims willing to fight to spread Islam Jihad  holy war

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Muslim Expansion & Conquest

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  1. Muslim Expansion & Conquest

  2. First four Caliphs • Muhammad’s closest followers • Led Muslims after death of Muhammad • Spread Islam into Syria, Egypt, Persia, & North Africa

  3. Reasons for Muslim Successes • Muslims willing to fight to spread Islam • Jihad holy war • Byzantines & Persians weakened from fighting each other • Muslims didn’t persecute non-believers or force people to convert

  4. Empire stretched from Spain to Central Asia Created bureaucracy (system of officials) to organize & run empire from capital of Damascus Arabic  common language Overthrown by Abbasids Umayyad Caliphate (661-750)

  5. Capital in Baghdad (trading center) Kept through strong, standing army Made advances in art, math, astronomy, & medicine Declined because of weak leaders, revolts, & invasions Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258)

  6. Moors  Umayyads in Spain (Al-Andalus) • Capital at Cordoba • Economic and cultural center (trade, new ideas, learning, etc.) • Tolerance for Jews led to new Sephardic (Spanish-Jewish) culture • Later defeated by Spanish in 1492 Moors (711-1492)

  7. Visual Summary of Muslim Expansion

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