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I. European Conquest of Africa II. European Technology and the African Response to Conquest

I. European Conquest of Africa II. European Technology and the African Response to Conquest III. The Mineral Revolution in South Africa and the Anglo-Boer War IV. Colonial Rule in Africa V. The Growth of Christianity and Islam in Africa VI. The Ottoman Empire Refashioned

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I. European Conquest of Africa II. European Technology and the African Response to Conquest

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  1. I. European Conquest of Africa II. European Technology and the African Response to Conquest III. The Mineral Revolution in South Africa and the Anglo-Boer War IV. Colonial Rule in Africa V. The Growth of Christianity and Islam in Africa VI. The Ottoman Empire Refashioned VII. Iran and the Great Power Struggle

  2. I. European Conquest of Africa • Belgium • King Leopold II • 1876, International African Association • Henry Stanley (1841–1904) • Germany • Otto von Bismarck • from 1884: 4 colonies • A. The Scrambling of Africa • France • east from Senegal • British • Egypt • Fashoda Incident, 1898 • near Khartoum • H. H. Kitchener • South Africa • Witwatersrand gold

  3. II. European Technology and the African Response to Conquest • A. Resistance • Samori Touré (c. 1830–1900) • > Mandinke kingdom • exiled, 1898 • Sudan • Muhammad Ahmad (1844–1884) • “Mahdi,” 1881 • 1884, siege of Khartoum • Rhodesia • Charwe • v. British South Africa Company • Spirit mediums • Ambuya Nehanda, Kagubi • executed, 1898 • Ethiopia • Yohannes IV • replaced by Menelik (1844–1913) • emperor, 1889 • Addis Ababa • 1889, Treaty of Wuchale, Italy • Italian and Amharic versions

  4. III. The Mineral Revolution in South Africa and the Anglo-Boer War • A. The Discovery of Diamonds and Gold • 1867, diamonds • 1886, gold, Witwatersrand • Cecil Rhodes (1853–1902) • Barney Barnato (1852–1897) • B. The Anglo-Boer War • uitlanders • Paul Kruger (1825–1904) • Rhodes and uitlanders • invasion of Transvaal • Anglo-Boer war, 1899–1902 • C. White Rule in the Union of South Africa, 1910–1948 • Self-government for Orange Free State and Transvaal, 1907 • Louis Botha (1863–1919) • Jan Smuts (1870–1950) • J. B. M. Hertzog (1866–1942)

  5. D. The Colonial Economy • Cash crops • “Red Rubber” • Congo, Leopold III • domaine prive • E. Social Change • Football clubs • Nigeria, Nnamdi Azikiwe • “Zik” athletic clubs • IV. Colonial Rule in Africa • A. The British in Nigeria • Sokoto Caliphate • indirect rule • Igbo • “warrant chiefs” • B. New Britains: Kenya and Rhodes • Kenya • Kikuyu > “squatters” • Rhodesia • C. French and Portuguese Administration • France • change in policy • Portuguese • Antonio Salazar (1932–1968) • assimilados • indigenas

  6. D. The Spread of Islam • Mali, Shaykh Hamallah (1883–1943) • Tariqa (brotherhoods) • Sufi • Senegal, Mourides brotherhood • Shaykh Ahmand Bamba (1850–1927) • Shadhiliya • Zanzibar • Islamic center • V. The Growth of Christianity and Islam in Africa • A. Missionaries and Mission Schools • 1916, First university: Fort Hare • B. African Churches • “Ethiopian” • Ethiopian Church • founded 1892, Mangena Mokone • John Chilembew • Nyasaland • Aladura churches • Yoruba • C. Women in the Church Ma’ Nku • Kenya • Roho churches

  7. C. Challenging Ottoman Sovereignty • in Europe • Nationalism > separatists • 1830, Serbia • Greece • Crimean War (1854–1856) • VI. The Ottoman Empire Refashioned • A. Challenges • Ayan (regional governors) • Janissaries • Russia • 1774, Kuchuk Kaynarça • B. Ottoman Reform • Sultan Selim III (1789–1806) • Janissary resistance • Sultan Mahmud II (1808–1839) • French language • Prussian, French military

  8. VI. The Ottoman Empire Refashioned • D. Egypt and the Rule of Muhammad Ali • Muhammad Ali • Ottoman commander • 1801, French leave • opposition • Mamluks • Wahhabis • E. The Suez Canal • 1854, Said • Ferdinand de Lesseps • 1869, opening • Egyptian debt • > British takeover, 1882 • F. Dinshaway Incident, 1906 • Lord Cromer

  9. VI. The Ottoman Empire Refashioned • G. North Africa (The Magrib) • Morocco, Filali Dynasty • Didi Muhammad (1757–1790) U.S. concessions, 1786 • French, 1912 • Algiers 1830, Charles X invades • Tunis 1881, French protectorate • H. Young Ottomans • Tanzimat, 1839–1876 • Sultan Abdulaziz, deposed, 1876 • Abdülhamid II (1876–1909) • I. Abdülhamid II and the Young Turks • 1889—Committee for Union and Progress • 1908—Young Turks

  10. VII. Iran and the Great Power Struggle • A. Qajar Rule and the Tobacco Rebellion • from 1794, Qajar rule • Nasir al-Din Shah (1848–1896) • British monopoly on tobacco • Shi’ite ulama opposed • > 1891, Tobacco Rebellion • B. The Iranian Constitutional Revolution • 1905, strikes, demonstrations, massacres • Constituent National Assembly • 1906, Muhammad Ali Shah (1907–1909) • > civil war • 1909, Muhammad Ali Shat deposed • C. The Great Power Struggle for the East • Afghanistan • 1881–1901 Amir Abdur Rahman • 1907, Anglo-Russian Entente

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