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I-Yod: Imperfect and Related Forms

I-Yod: Imperfect and Related Forms. I-Yod: Imperfect and Related Forms. The two verbs יָשַׁב and יָרַשׁ represent the changes that occur when I- י verbs are converted to the imperfect inflection.

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I-Yod: Imperfect and Related Forms

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  1. I-Yod: Imperfect and Related Forms

  2. I-Yod: Imperfect and Related Forms The two verbs יָשַׁב and יָרַשׁ represent the changes that occur when I-י verbs are converted to the imperfect inflection. In all imperfect forms of יָשַׁב,the first root consonant yod disappears and the prefix vowel is a tsere. The yod in 3ms and 3mp is the imperfect prefix, not the first root consonant. In all imperfect forms of יָשַׁב without a suffix, the second root consonant vowel is a tsere. In all imperfect forms of יָרַשׁ, the first root consonant yod is preserved as part of the prefix vowel hireq-yod In all imperfect forms of יָרַשׁwithout a suffix, the second root consonant vowel is a patakh.

  3. I-Yod: Imperfect and Related Forms Compare the following imperfect and imperative forms of יָשַׁב and יָרַשׁ. In both types of I-י verbs, the first root consonant yod disappears in the imperative form, which is why the imperative form is considered a short form.

  4. I-Yod: Imperfect and Related Forms Consider the following infinitive construct forms of יָשַׁב and יָרַש. Both types of I-י verbs lose the first root consonant yod. Both types of I-י verbs add a tav to the end of the verb. The I-י verb infinitive construct vowel pattern is segol-segol. Some I-י verbs follow the standard vowel patterns of infinitive construct covered in Lesson 28 and demonstrated in the following examples:

  5. I-Yod: Imperfect and Related Forms The verb ידע has two weaknesses: I-yod and III-guttural. The III-guttural lengthens the expected tsere of the second root consonant to a patakh. The verb יצא has two weaknesses: I-yod and III-aleph. Like the III-guttural, the III-aleph lengthens the expected tsere of the second root consonant to a patakh. Also, the III-aleph refuses the shewa in the 3fp and 2fp. The verb יכל (to be able) demonstrates variations from the usual I-yod paradigm. Note the shureq vowel in the imperfect prefix for יָכֹל.

  6. I-Yod: Imperfect and Related Forms Some I-י verbs follow the imperfect pattern for I-נ verbs. Compare the following I-י verbs יצק and יצר with the I-נ verb נָפַל. The I-yod and the I-nun both assimilate into the second root consonant. Note the dagesh in the second root consonant representing the assimilated yod or nun. Familiarity with יצק and יצר will help identify these verbs as I-yod instead of I-nun.

  7. I-Yod: Imperfect and Related Forms The verb הָלַךְ is unusual because it follows the inflection pattern for I-yod verbs. Compare הלךְ with the I-yod verb ישׁב. Because of its frequency in the Hebrew Bible, הָלַךְ should be studied carefully for ready recognition. I-he of הלךְ is lost throughout the imperfect conjugation. The vowel of the second root consonant is a tsere. The vowel of the imperfect prefix is a tsere.

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