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Reformation Ideas Spread

Reformation Ideas Spread. Chapter 14.4. Radical Reformers. Hundreds of protestant sects created More radical ideas than Luther, Calvin “Anabaptists” Rejected infant baptism Abolish private property Speed up judgment day by violent means

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Reformation Ideas Spread

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  1. Reformation Ideas Spread Chapter 14.4

  2. Radical Reformers • Hundreds of protestant sects created • More radical ideas than Luther, Calvin • “Anabaptists” • Rejected infant baptism • Abolish private property • Speed up judgment day by violent means • Luther united with Catholics to put down the rebellion • Most were peaceful • Called for religious toleration, separation of church and state • Today: Baptists, Quakers, Mennonites, Amish trace their ancestry to the Anabaptists

  3. English Reformation • John Wycliffe called for Church reform in 1300s • By 1520, English clergy toying with Protestant ideas • Break with Catholic Church • Henry VIII • At first, against Protestant revolt • Got the name “Defender of the Faith” from the pope- wrote a pamphlet denouncing Luther • 1527: Wished to divorce Spanish wife of 18 years -Catherine of Aragon • One child: Mary Tudor • Wanted a male heir • Wanted to marry Anne Boleyn • Catholic law doesn’t permit divorce, so he asked the pope to annul the marriage • Pope refused

  4. Break with Rome • Henry decided to take over the English church • Series of laws passed • Took English church from pope’s control • 1534: Act of Supremacy • Made Henry “the only supreme head on Earth and of the Church of England” • Many Catholics executed for treason • Sir Thomas More- great English humanist • Later canonized: recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church • Henry’s marriage was then annulled • Married Anne Boleyn- she bore a second daughter (Elizabeth) • Henry was married 4 more times after this • Only had one son (Edward) with Mary Boleyn

  5. Church of England • Henry closed convents and monasteries • Confiscated their lands and wealth • Granted lands to nobles • Secured support for Anglican Church • Kept most Catholic forms of worship

  6. Religious Turmoil • 10-year-old son Edward VI inherited throne • Protestant reforms • Book of Common Prayer • Sparked uprisings • When Edward died, sister Mary Tudor became queen • Return England to Catholic faith • Hundreds of protestants burned at the stake

  7. Elizabethan Settlement • Mary died in 1558 • Throne passed to Elizabeth • Series of cautious reforms • Called Elizabethan Settlement • Compromise • Kept: Catholic ceremony and ritual, hierarchy of bishops • Reaffirmed: Monarch is head of the Anglican Church and restored Book of Common Prayer • Restored unity in England • Made England a firmly Protestant nation • Escaped religious wars that tore apart France

  8. Catholic Reformation • Vigorous reform movement within Catholic Church • Pope Paul III • 1530s and 40s • Revive moral authority of the Church • End corruption • Council of Trent • 1545 • Met off and on for 20 years • Reaffirmed Catholic views • Salvation through faith and good works • Bible source of truth, but not only source • End abuses in Church • Stiff penalties for corruption • School to create better-educated clergy

  9. Inquisition • Pope Paul III strengthened Inquisition • Church court • Used torture and execution to root out heresy • Index of Forbidden Books • List of works considered too immoral or irreligious for Catholics • Included books by Luther, Calvin

  10. Catholic Reformers • Ignatius of Loyola • 1540: Pope recognized new religious order • Society of Jesus (Jesuits) • Founded by Ignatius of Loyola • Combat heresy and spread Catholic faith • Spanish knight • Teresa of Avila • Reformed convents and monasteries in Spain • Canonized

  11. Results • By 1600, Rome farm more devout city than it had been 100 yrs earlier • Piety and charity • Reforms slowed Protestant tide, returned some areas to Catholic Church • Still, Europe remained divided into • Catholic south • Protestant north

  12. Persecution • Catholic and Protestant mobs killed each other • Both persecuted Anabaptists • Witch Hunts • Usually women • Between 1450-1750 thousands died • At the time, most believed in spirits and magic • Scapegoats • Social outcasts- beggars, poor widows, midwives blamed for infant death, herbalists • Most in German states, Switzerland, France

  13. Jews • 1516: Venice ordered Jews to live in separate ghetto in city • Restrictions increased through Europe • Luther called for them to be expelled from Christian lands and for Synagogues and books burned • German princes expelled Jews • Wearing yellow badges • Poland-Lithuania-permitted to prosper under Ottoman Empires

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