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Lutheranism Calvinism Anglicanism Counter Reformation Effects of the Reformation. Spread of the Reformation. 32.2 Lutheranism. ORIGINS OF THE RELIGION F ounded by Martin Luther In Germany In 1521. 32.2 Lutheranism. BELIEFS ABOUT SIN AND SALVATION
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Lutheranism Calvinism Anglicanism Counter Reformation Effects of the Reformation Spread of the Reformation
32.2 Lutheranism ORIGINS OF THE RELIGION • Founded by Martin Luther • In Germany • In 1521.
32.2 Lutheranism BELIEFS ABOUT SIN AND SALVATION • Believed that salvation was a gift from God. • Believed in “justification by faith.” • Believe in God • Regret their sins • And receive God’s mercy.
32.2 Lutheranism BELIEFS ABOUT THE ULTIMATE AUTHORITY • Believed that the Bible was the only true source of religious guidance. • Rejected the authority of church councils and the pope.
32.2 Lutheranism RITUALS AND WORSHIP • Kept some Catholic practices and added new Lutheran ones. • The church looked much like a Catholic Church (with altar, crucifix, and candles) • Services had some similarities to Catholic mass, such as Communion, Bible readings, sermons, and hymns. • Differences, such as prayers in German instead of Latin • Two sacraments instead of seven.
32.2 Lutheranism COMMUNITY LIFE • Emphasized strict discipline • Large, strong families. • Children were taught to pray before meals and bed.
32.3 Calvinism ORIGINS OF THE RELIGION • Founded by John Calvin • In Switzerland • In 1541.
32.3 Calvinism BELIEFS ABOUT SIN AND SALVATION • Believed in predestination, the idea that God already knows who will be saved in the afterlife and who will be condemned. • People’s destinies were shown by their behavior: • Those who behaved well were saved • Those who sinned were not.
32.3 Calvinism BELIEFS ABOUT THE ULTIMATE AUTHORITY • Believed the Bible was the only source of religious guidance. • Believed that communities should be governed according to God’s laws. • Therefore, when people sinned, they were also committing a crime.
32.3 Calvinism RITUALS AND WORSHIP • Attended services up to five times a week. • Sermons were long and explained how to live according to the Bible. • Churches were very simple, with wood panels and benches. • There were no paintings, statues, or stained glass windows. • Used only the two sacraments mentioned in the Bible: baptism and Communion. • Calvinists could sing only words from the Bible.
32.3 Calvinism COMMUNITY LIFE • Believed that communities should be theocracies, governed by God through religious leaders. • Laws were based on the Bible and were very strict. • Swearing, dancing, insulting people, and playing cards were not allowed. • Homes could be inspected to see if families were obeying the laws. • People who broke laws were severely punished or banished.
32.4 Anglicanism ORIGINS OF THE RELIGION • Founded by King Henry VIII • In England • In 1534
The Six Wives of Henry III Catherine of Aragonm. 1509 - 1533Divorced Anne Boleynm. 1533 - 1536Executed Jane Seymourm. 1536 - 1537Died Anne of Clevesm. 1540 Jan. - JulyDivorced Kathryn Howardm. 1540 - 1542Executed Katherine Parrm. 1543 - 1547Widowed
32.4 Anglicanism BELIEFS ABOUT SIN AND SALVATION • Like Catholics, Anglicans believed baptism washed away original sin. • Like Lutherans, they believed in justification by faith, to go to heaven, people needed to: • Believe in God • Regret their sins • And receive God’s mercy.
32.4 Anglicanism BELIEFS ABOUT THE ULTIMATE AUTHORITY • Based their beliefs on the Bible. • The monarch, assisted by the Archbishop of Canterbury, was the main interpreter of the Bible. • Other clergy helped spread the monarch’s ideas. • Could interpret beliefs in their own ways as long as they were loyal to the king or queen.
32.4 Anglicanism RITUALS AND WORSHIP • The High Church service was formal and like the Catholic mass. • The Low Church service was more like the Lutheran service. • Services were held in former Catholic church buildings. • Most of the decorations were removed, the inside was painted white, and the Ten Commandments were painted on the wall. • Hymns, and eventually services, were in English instead of Latin, so everyone could take part. • Used only the two sacraments mentioned in the Bible: baptism and Communion.
32.4 Anglicanism COMMUNITY LIFE • Communities were not all alike: • High Church communities were mostly wealthy. • Low Church communities had mostly middle and working-class people. • Heresy ceased to be a crime. • People could worship as they liked as long as they did not attack the monarch or the Anglican Church.
32.5 The Catholic ResponseThe Counter-Reformation 1. What was the Council of Trent? • This meeting of Catholic church leaders began in 1545 to combat corruption and fight Protestantism.
32.5 The Catholic ResponseThe Counter-Reformation 1. What did the council do? • The council rejected predestination and justification by faith alone. • Reaffirmed the Catholic belief in seven sacraments and in the church’s authority to interpret the Bible. • It required better training of clergy • Called for priests and bishops to spend more time preaching • Corrected many church abuses.
32.5 The Catholic ResponseThe Counter-Reformation 2. What was the Society of Jesus? • This was a new order, known as the Jesuits • Formed to preach, educate people, and perform public services. • The Jesuits were dedicated teachers and missionaries.
32.5 The Catholic ResponseThe Counter-Reformation 3. How did the Jesuits help strengthen the Catholic Church? • They founded schools and colleges • Brought Europeans back to the church • Spread Catholicism in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
32.5 The Catholic ResponseThe Counter-Reformation 4. What else did the Catholic Church do to stop the spread of Protestantism? • Looked to Catholic rulers to support it and to win back lands lost to Protestantism. • The pope started the Roman Inquisition, which condemned people whose views were considered dangerous. CristianoBanti's 1857 painting Galileo facing the Roman Inquisitio
32.5 The Catholic ResponseThe Counter-Reformation 4. What else did the Catholic Church do to stop the spread of Protestantism? • Published a list of books that Catholics were forbidden to read. • Dealt harshly with those it labeled heretics.
32.6 Effects of the Reformation • Lutheran: much of Germany, Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, and part of Prussia • Calvinist: Switzerland and parts of Germany, Scotland, the Netherlands, and France
32.6 Effects of the Reformation • Anglican: England and parts of Ireland • Catholic: Portugal, Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Poland, and parts of Ireland and Scotland
32.6 Effects of the Reformation 2. Describe two key effects of the Reformation on Europe and the world. • The Reformation led to a series of wars and persecutions during the 16th and 17th centuries. • These created lasting religious divisions in Europe. • During the Age of Exploration, these divisions spread to new lands. • It led to the Age of Kings and Queens, a period when nationalism and monarchies became stronger.
32.6 Effects of the Reformation 2. Describe two key effects of the Reformation on Europe and the world. • It also helped plant the seeds of democratic ideas and practices. • Protestant churches sought freedom and independence and often chose their own leaders. • This helped pave the way for democracy.
St. Denis Catholic Church Diamond Bar
