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Role of Beef Cattle

Role of Beef Cattle. agriculture – 17.5 % of GNP. beef industry – single largest money making-generating commodity in all of agriculture. Beef accounts for 40-45% of cash receipts from animal agriculture. $35 billion. Role of Beef Cattle.

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Role of Beef Cattle

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  1. Role of Beef Cattle • agriculture – 17.5 % of GNP. • beef industry – single largest money making-generating commodity in all of agriculture. • Beef accounts for 40-45% of cash receipts from animal agriculture. • $35 billion

  2. Role of Beef Cattle • 1.2 billion acres of agricultural land in the 48 contiguous states. • 801 million acres of this is grazed. • Vast supplies of waste materials from: • Agronomic crops • Corn stalks • Wheat straw • Food by products • Cannery waste • Brewer’s grains, Distillers Grains*** • Sugar beet pulp • Corn Gluten, Soybean Hulls, Cottonseed Hulls

  3. Historical Evolution • Origin of today’s breeds? • Bos Taurus • Aurochs – extinct in 1627 • Celtic Ox (mixed in with Aurochs) • Bos Indicus • Tropical Zebu cattle

  4. Historical Evolution • First cattle producer of the Western Hemisphere • Christopher Columbus • brought cattle to the West Indies in 1493 • Cortez • brought cattle to Mexico in 1519 • Longhorns were distributed by Spanish missionaries.

  5. Historical Evolution • Shifts in U.S. cattle industry • Post Civil War • Longhorn >>>> Shorthorn • Shorthorn >>>> Shorthorn X Hereford • Winter of 1886 • Shorthorn X Hereford >>>> Angus X Hereford • Post World War II • Angus X Hereford >>>> “Breeds Revolution”

  6. Historical Evolution • “Breeds Revolution” – period of great expansion in numbers of breeds of beef cattle. • Demand for grain-fed beef • Meat from cattle which have undergone a significant grain feeding.

  7. Beef Cattle Breeds • See web site:http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/index.htm • Breed – animals of common origin with characteristics that distinguish them from other group of same species - > 300 world-wide

  8. Most US cattle are commercial/crossbred Beef Cattle Breeds • Purebred – purity of ancestry; pedigrees recorded in their breed registry • Commercial – livestock not registered or pedigreed; crossbred

  9. Beef Cattle Breeds (identify & know purpose) • 3 general categories: • British breeds (Bos taurus)– Angus, Hereford, Shorthorn • maternal – fertility, longevity, milk production • earlier maturity (puberty); less muscular • Exotic or Continental breeds (Bos taurus) – Simmental, Limousin, Charolais, etc. • paternal (terminal) - growth rate, muscular, lean; large mature size • dual – purpose (maternal and paternal traits)

  10. Beef Cattle Breeds (identify & know purpose) • Brahman (Bos indicus) – Zebu is main strain • greatest genetic influence world-wide • heat and insect tolerant; adaptable to warm environments • later puberty, low growth rate, less muscling

  11. Angus • British breed • 1st in US registrations • black & polled • moderate size • MARBLING • Hereford x Angus = black baldy (white face) - good mothers • Red Angus – 6th

  12. Hereford • British breed • red body & white face; polled & horned • 2nd in registrations • moderate size • major breed influence in commercial cows (esp. western range) • Polled and horned

  13. Shorthorn • British • Prominent US breed in 1800s, early 1900s • red, white, roan • horned/polled • excellent milk production • 8th most popular today

  14. Simmental • Continental (Europe) • Switzerland • red, yellow, black/white • dual-purpose • growth, carcass • milk production • large mature size • Dual purpose – 4th most popular • Others – Gelbvieh (7th)

  15. Limousin • Continental • France • red, gold, black • lean, muscular • excel in yield grades • terminal sire • 5th most popular

  16. Charolais • Continental • France • white with pink nose • large size • lean & muscular • terminal sire • 3rd most popular • Others=Chianina

  17. Brahman • Bos indicus • hump; loose hide; long ears • heat/insect tolerant • southern US – 13th popular • late maturity, less muscling • tenderness problems • Beefmaster is most common breed = 10th most popular • Developed in USA, combination of Brahman, Hereford and Shorthorn • Others are Brangus – 9th • Simbrah, Santa Gertrudis • Braford, Charbray, etc..

  18. Beef Breed Registrations in the USA, Table 16-3 2 1 1 2 10 9 3 3 7 2 2 1 1 5 6 8 3 6 4

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