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Respiratory System: Gas Exchange, Oxygenation, and Carbon Dioxide Removal

Explore the pathway of air through the respiratory system, the process of gas exchange, and the importance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in cellular respiration. Learn about the function of each respiratory organ, the role of diffusion in gas exchange, and how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together. Discover the automatic control of breathing by the brain and common respiratory disorders.

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Respiratory System: Gas Exchange, Oxygenation, and Carbon Dioxide Removal

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  1. Respiratory System

  2. food O2 ATP CO2 Why do we need a respiratory system? • For gas exchange • Need O2 in • for cellular respiration • make ATP • Need CO2 out • waste product

  3. Pathway of Air • Mouth/nasal cavity - warm and filter the air • Pharynx • Larynx – voicebox • Trachea (windpipe) - surrounded by rings of cartilage (protect and support) • Bronchi (2) – lead to lungs • Bronchioles – branches within lungs • Alveoli – air sacs - Provide LOTS of surface area - Connect to circulatory system (capillaries) – functional unit of lungs

  4. Moving gases into bloodstream • Inhale • O2 passes from alveoli to blood • by diffusion • Exhale • CO2 passes from blood to alveoli • by diffusion capillaries (circulatory system)

  5. O2 O2 O2 O2 CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 Gas exchange: Diffusion of gases • LOTS OF SURFACE AREA Pulmonary Circulation Systemic Circulation capillaries in lungs capillaries in muscle In from outside supply excrete To leave body blood lungs blood body

  6. Negative pressure breathing • Diaphragm – smooth muscle; moves down & expands chest cavity pulls air into lungs Exhale – air pushed out Inhale – air pulled in

  7. Automatic Brain Control • You don’t have to think to breathe! • Primitive parts of brain coordinatebreathing • Medulla (Nervous System) • measure blood pH • CO2 = pH (acid) • coordinate breathing, heart rate & body’s need for energy • Clothespin lab – remember? • Maintain homeostasis

  8. Disorders • Bronchitis – inflammation of bronchi • Emphysema – alveoli break dec surf area – decreased lung capacity • Asthma – spasm of bronchioles • Pneumonia – fluid in lungs • Collapsed lung – no air in alveoli – usually some air left in alveoli to make breathing easier

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