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Medical Terminology Chapter 12 Reproductive System

Medical Terminology Chapter 12 Reproductive System. Function. The male and female reproductive systems include the gonads (ovaries and testes), where sex cells and hormones are produced, and other organs, ducts, and glands that transport and sustain the egg or sperm cell.

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Medical Terminology Chapter 12 Reproductive System

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  1. Medical Terminology Chapter 12Reproductive System Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  2. Function • The male and female reproductive systems include the gonads (ovaries and testes), where sex cells and hormones are produced, and other organs, ducts, and glands that transport and sustain the egg or sperm cell. Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  3. Anatomy and Physiology • Female reproductive system includes: • Ovaries produce • Sex cells • Hormones • Uterine tubes • Uterus • Vagina • Accessory glands • External genital structure Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  4. Anatomy and Physiology • Combining word form genit(o) • Organ of reproduction • Another word form for genitals is • Genitalia • Uro/genit/al means • Pertaining to the urinary and reproductive system Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  5. Anatomy and Physiology • Combining word form means woman or female • Gynec(o) • The medical specialty that treats disease of the female reproductive tract is: • Gynecology • Gynecoloc/ic means pertain to gynecology or • Study of diseases that occur only in female Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  6. Anatomy and Physiology • Internal structures • Left ovary and associated left fallopian/uterine tube • Right ovary and associated right fallopian/uterine tube • Uterus • Vagina • Special glands Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  7. Anatomy and Physiology • Combining word form ovari(o) • Structure of the ovary • Suffix –an means • Pertaining to • Ovarian means • Pertaining to the ovary • Combining word form oophor(o) • Diagnostic and surgical terms Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  8. Anatomy and Physiology • Disease of the ovaries is • oophoropathy • Combining word form salping(o) means • Uterine tube • Surgical removal of a uterine tube is • Salpingectomy • Combining word forms uter(o)hyster(o) and metr(o) means • Uterus Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  9. Anatomy and Physiology • Greeks use the word hysterikos to refer to • Suffering in the womb • Emotional upheaval caused by this suffering • Combining word forms vagin(o) and colp(o) means • Vagina • Combining word form cysto(o) means • Bladder Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  10. Anatomy and Physiology • External structures • Mons pubis • Labia majora • Labia minora • Clitoris • Prepuce • Opening to glands • Paraurethral • Vestibular Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  11. Anatomy and Physiology • Combining word form vulv(o) means • External genitalia in the female • Vulv/ar or vulv/al pertains to the • Vulva • Vestibule is • Any space or cavity at entrance to a canal • Combining word form perine(o) means • Perineum Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  12. Anatomy and Physiology • Combining word form cervix means • Neck • Colpo/cervic/al refers to • Vagina and cervix Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  13. Anatomy and Physiology • Combining word form metr(o) means • Uterus or to measure • The uterus is composed of three layers of tissue • Perimetrium outer most layer • Myometrium middle layer • Endometrium means inner most layer Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  14. Anatomy and Physiology • Prefix peri- means • Around • Combining word form my(o) means • Muscle Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  15. Anatomy and Physiology • Monthly cycle of growth and discharge of endometrium is • Menstrual cycle • Hypothalamus and pituitary gland secrete hormones that act on the ovaries • Production of ova • Production of estrogen • Production of progesterone Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  16. Anatomy and Physiology • Cyclic bloody discharge from shedding of the endometrium • Menstruation • Female reproductive cycle begins at • Puberty • The first menstruation is the • Menarche • Natural cessation of reproductive cycle is • Menopause Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  17. Anatomy and Physiology • Secretion of female reproductive hormones follows monthly cyclic patterns that affect the ovaries and uterus • Ovarian cycle • Menstrual (uterine) cycle Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  18. Anatomy and Physiology • Ovarian phase • Follicular phase days 1-5/6-12 • Growth of follicle • Secretion of estrogen • Ovulationis days 13-14 • Ova released by the follicle • Luteal phase days 15-28 • Follicle becomes corpus luteum • Secretes progesterone Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  19. Anatomy and Physiology • Uterine (menstrual) phase • Menses days 1-5 • Blood is shed form the vagina • Proliferative phase days 6-12/13-14 • Growth of the endometruim • Proliferative phase continues • Secretory phase days 15-28 • Continued growth of endometruim • Secretion of glycogen Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  20. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Physical assessment of female reproductive system includes • Breasts • External genitalia • Pelvis • Instrument for examining vagina • Vaginal speculum Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  21. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Cyto/logy is • Study of cells • Cells of cervix examined to detect vaginal infections • Yeast, Bacteria,Trichomonas • Pap smear for • Cancer cells Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  22. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Suffix –plasia means development or formation • Prefix dys- means bad • Dysplasia mean • Abnormal (bad) development of cervical cells • Colposcopy is using a colposcope to magnify the mucosa of the vagina and cervix Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  23. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Cervical biopsy • Endometrial biopsy • Hysteroscopy • Direct visualization of cervical canal and uterine cavity • Excision of cervical polyps or biopsy Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  24. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Detecting masses • Pelvis ultrasonography • Computed tomography (CT scan) • Radiologic examination of uterus and fallopian tubes • Hystersalpingography • Often done to look for obstruction of fallopian tube Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  25. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Examination of abdominal cavity with a laparoscope • Can be done to view pelvic cavity • Laparoscopy Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  26. Pathologies • Menorrhagia • Abnormally heavy or long menstrual period • Metorrhagia • Hemorrhage of the uterus Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  27. Pathologies • Amenorrhea • Absence of menstruation • Dysmenorrhea • Painful or difficult menstruation • Mittelschmerz • Abdominal pain in the region of the ovary during ovulation Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  28. Pathologies • Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) • Nervous tension, irritability, edema, headache, and painful breasts that can occur the last few days before the onset of menstruation Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  29. Pathologies • Cervicitis • Inflammation of the cervix • Possible Causes • Chlamydia • Yeast (Candida ablicans) • Trichomonas vaginalis • Gonorrhea Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  30. Pathologies • Vaginitis • Inflammation of vaginal tissues • Possible causes • Sexual intercourse • Following childbirth • After taking antibiotics • Colpitis Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  31. Pathologies • Vulvitis • Inflammation of vulva • Vulvovaginitis • Inflammation of vulva and vagina Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  32. Pathologies • Oophoritis • Inflammation of an ovary • Oophoralgia • Ovarian pain • Oophorosalpingitis • Inflammation of an ovary and fallopian tube Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  33. Pathologies • Anovulation • Absence of ovulation • Possible causes • Altered ovarian function • Side effects of medications • Result of disease • Stress Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  34. Pathologies • Polycystic ovary syndrome • Anovulation • Amenorrhea • Infertility • Caused by • Increased levels of testosterone, estrogen, and lutenizing hormone and decreased secretion of FSH Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  35. Pathologies • Ovarian Cancer • Leading cause of death from reproductive cancers • Difficult to diagnose • Usually spread by the time it is found • Sonography or CT scan to look for ovarian mass • Often requires exploratory surgery Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  36. Pathologies • Salpingocele • Hernial protrusion of a fallopian tube • Salpingitis • Inflammation of a fallopian tube • Ectopic pregnancy • Outside the uterine cavity • Tubal pregnancy • Implanted in the fallopian tube Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  37. Pathologies • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) • Infection that involves the upper genital tract beyond the cervix • Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) • Sudden high fever • Headache • Confusion • Acute renal failure • Abnormal liver function • Caused by staphylococcus • Most common among women who use tampons Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  38. Pathologies • Uterine cancer • Stage I uterus only • Stage II cervix also involved • Stage III spread beyond uterus but still within pelvic cavity • Stage IV spread beyond the pelvis most often spreading to liver and/or lungs Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  39. Pathologies • Hysteroptosis • Uterine prolapse • Uterine displacements • Anteversion • Retroversion • Anteflexion • Retroflexion Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  40. Pathologies • Uterine leiomyoma • Uterine fibroid (benign tumor) • Cervical polyps • Myometritis • Inflammation of the myometrium • Endometritis • Inflammation of the endometrium Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  41. Pathologies • Endometriosis • Abnormal condition in which endometrium tissue is outside the uterus, usually within the pelvic cavity • Vulvitis • Inflammation of the vulva • Leukorrhea • Normal white discharge before and after the menstrual period Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  42. Pathologies • Colpodynia • Pain of the vagina • Cystocele • Protrusion of the bladder through the wall of the vagina • Rectocele • Rectum is displaced causing bulging of the posterior vaginal wall Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  43. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions • An agent that prevents pregnancy • Prefix contra- (against) • Contraceptive • Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) • Combination of estrogen and progesterone • Transition symptoms • High risk for osteoporosis, abnormal loss of bone density, and deterioration of bone tissue Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  44. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions • Treatments for infections of the vulva, vagina, or cervix • Oral antibiotics • Topical antibiotics • Vaginal creams • Vaginal suppositories Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  45. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions • Suturing of the vagina is • Colporrhaphy • Surgical repair of the vagina is • Colpoplasty • Surgical fixation of an ovary is • Oophoropexy Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  46. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions • Oophoro/hyster/ectomy is • Removal of ovaries and uterus • Oophorectomy is • Removal of the ovaries • Oophorosalpingectomy is • Removal of uterine tube and an ovary • Salpingo-oophorectomy is • Removal of uterine tube and an ovary • Hyster/ectomy • Removal of the uterus Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  47. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions • Hysterectomy with bilateral oophorosalpingectomy • Removal of the uterus and both ovaries and both fallopian tubes • Colpo/hyster/ectomy is • Removal of uterus by way of the vagina • Laparo/hyster/ectomy is • Removal of uterus through a small opening in the abdominal wall Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  48. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions • Excision of uterine tube is • Salpingectomy • Tubal ligation • Permanent sterilization • Dilation and curettage (D & C) • Cervix dilated • Scraping of endometrium Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  49. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions • Suffix –therapy means • Treatment • Treatment for dysplasia • Biopsy • Cryo/therapy • Cold treatment • Cautery • Irradiation Medical Terminology 10-501-101

  50. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions • Surgical fixation of a displaced uterus • Hysteropexy • Surgical fixation of uterine tube is • Salpingopexy Medical Terminology 10-501-101

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