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China Presentation

China Presentation. By: Andrew Ratzlaff, Jack Hayes, Chad Watwood , Luke Clayton and Jonathan Martin. Basic Information. Largest population of any country- 1.35 billion 3 rd largest land size 2 nd largest economy in the world. Levels of Government. 22 provinces 5 Autonomous regions

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China Presentation

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  1. China Presentation By: Andrew Ratzlaff, Jack Hayes, Chad Watwood, Luke Clayton and Jonathan Martin

  2. Basic Information • Largest population of any country- 1.35 billion • 3rd largest land size • 2nd largest economy in the world

  3. Levels of Government • 22 provinces • 5 Autonomous regions • 4 Centrally Administered Municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing) • 2 Administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau)

  4. Centralization Trends • Economic • Politically • People lack various rights

  5. Executive Branch • Dual Executive branch • President is Head of State (Xi Jinping currently) • Premier is Head of Government (Li Keqiang currently)

  6. Executive Branch • Premier approved by Central Committee • Premier powers • Non-competitive

  7. Executive Branch • Recent Elections • Referendums for approval • Cabinet • Chosen by party • Technocrats

  8. Legislative Branch • Asymmetric Bicameral • Central Committee-204 (Upper) • National People’s Congress-2100 (Lower)

  9. Legislative Branch • No runoffs, “competitive elections” • Hierarchy • Politburo influence • All CCP

  10. Political System • Loose parliamentary system • Party Lines • “Fusion of Powers”

  11. Political Culture • Prideful, people seem to respect central government as long as economy grows • Long lasting from dynastic rule • Deng Xiaoping Theory • Communist mentality • No “I” in team

  12. Political Socialization • Family • Media • While censored, can still show different view points • Government • Implements a class on the party in schools

  13. Political Cleavage • Location, Location, Ethnicity • NW part of China- Tibet, Uighers (~90 Han Chinese) • Urban-Rural Large gap in income and overall lifestyle • Non coinciding • Bring revolutions/ uprisings in the country

  14. Media Role in China • Watchdog • Television- CCTV, Xinhua • Papers-People’s Daily • “Internet”- Great Firewall • Not all is censored

  15. Media Roles • Government control has lessened over some outlets • Government still can interfere if they go “too far” • Heavily monitored internet • #nohashtagsforyou

  16. Political Participation • Voting • Increased in recent years as more competitiveness increases • All elections are indirect and already created bodies vote for higher up • Chinese Communist Party • State party where most people express interest • Youth League

  17. Political Violence • Tiananmen Square (1989) • Kashgar attack (2008) • Xinjiang Ethnic Clashes (2013)

  18. Women in Politics/China • Women make up 22% of Chinese law makers 1/5 of CCP • Women have made strides in China in education • Freedoms are still restricted • Workplace • One Child

  19. Minorities • Extremely small percentage are present in county (~8%) • All live in separate regions of country • Many have different political identities- Tibet • 15% are in lawmaking position • Minorities are given some free range in region • Uighers allowed to practice Islam

  20. Policy Making • Policy Decisions and Executives • President & Premier • Standing Committee of Politburo • Legislative • Both houses • Approval • Judicial Branch

  21. Policy Making • Fragmented Authoritarianism • Politburo power • Two sides • Secretive

  22. Political Party • Chinese Communist Party (CCP) • Competition? • Marxism-Leninism • Karl Marx • Vladimir Lenin • Source of power

  23. Elites • CCP Members • Guanxi • Actual power • Symbolic positions

  24. Interest Groups • None • “threat to the state” • Restricted speech

  25. Bureaucracy • 3.6 million Primary Party Organizations(branches) • Businesses • Government Offices • Schools • Neighborhoods • Wal-Mart Headquarters • Party Secretary & Party Committee

  26. Military • “A people’s army created and led by the Communist Party of China” • Central Military Commission(CMC) • Members • 2% of GDP goes to Military • $245.2 Billion(2012)

  27. Military • People’s Armed Police(PAP) • Guards • Border Patrol • Counter-terrorism • Public Disturbances

  28. Military • Ministry of Public State Security • 1.7 million • Secret Police • Intellegence • Serious crimes • Laogai • Laojiao • 3 years without trial

  29. Military • Bureaucracy • Political motivation • Judicial

  30. Judiciary • Judicial independence • Party control • Reform • Number of lawyers • Number of lawsuits • Appointments approved • Lawyers harassed

  31. Judiciary • Supreme People’s Court • Higher Courts(Provinces) • Intermediate Courts(Cities) • Grassroots Courts(Counties and Townships) • Judicial Review? • Legislative Approval

  32. Judiciary • Official investigations • Swift & harsh • Predetermined • 99% conviction • Capital Punishment

  33. Judiciary • Constitution • Code law • Rule by law • Rule of law • Common law • Guanxi

  34. Conflict in China • Civil War (1930s) • Nationalists in Taiwan • Invasion of Tibet (1950) • Conflicts with Soviets

  35. Social Movements • Tiananmen Square -1989 • Lack of political freedom • Protests over corruption, regional inequalities, etc. • Liu Xiaobo • Nobel Peace Prize in 2010

  36. Political Characteristics under Mao • Very totalitarian • No political dissent • Communist Party ideals • Cultural Revolution(1966-1976) • Mao’s “iron rice bowl”

  37. Politics under Deng • Softer Authoritarianism • Technocrats and other young officials • Constitution of 1982 • Lack of major political reform

  38. Economy under Mao • Centrally-planned, socialistic economy • Private property reform • Resource waste • Great Leap Forward(1958)

  39. Economy under Deng • Shift towards market economy • Private business • Change in philosophy • Economic growth • Regional inequalities

  40. Effects of Reforms • Huge inequalities • Corruption • Historical reform trends

  41. Globalization • Increased globalization • Foreign investments and trade • 2nd largest trading nation

  42. Public policy

  43. Major Influences • Communist Party of China • United States and Russia • WTO Xi Jinping Li Keqiang Zhang Dejiang Yu Zhengsheng Liu Yunshan Wang Qishan Zhang Gaoli

  44. Russia and the US • Constant struggle for worldwide supremacy • Economic competition between US and China • American pressure to change to a more market economy • Cooperation with Russia in Central Asia

  45. Social Class • Welfare reforms since 1990 • Imbalance of wealth distribution • A nationwide minimum wage at 40% average urban salaries • Rapidly growing middle class • Gini index is slowly getting better

  46. Civil Liberties • Re Education camps abolished • Great Firewall • Criminal Executions

  47. Environment • China is not in Mother Nature's Fave 5 • Government does little to regulate dumping • No Car Days • Attempting to reduce air pollution by 25% by 2017 • Green Wall of China

  48. Population • Loosening of the one-child policy • Current population is aging • China favors males over females

  49. Terrorism • Since 9/11 China increased cooperation with worldwide counter terrorist efforts • Uyghur People • China does not mess around with terrorists

  50. Corruption • In 2013 China was ranked 80th out of 178 • Bribing is quite common • Politicians are unusually wealthy

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