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Kingdom Monera (Bacteria)

Chapter 5 Marine Prokaryotes, Protists, Fungi and Plants All are primary producers which are capable of using light energy to perform photosynthesis. Kingdom Monera (Bacteria). Prokaryotic, single-celled 3 types of bacteria Heterotrophic Photosynthetic Chemosynthetic.

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Kingdom Monera (Bacteria)

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  1. Chapter 5Marine Prokaryotes, Protists, Fungi and PlantsAll are primary producers which are capable of using light energy to perform photosynthesis

  2. Kingdom Monera(Bacteria) • Prokaryotic, single-celled • 3 types of bacteria • Heterotrophic • Photosynthetic • Chemosynthetic

  3. Heterotrophic bacteria • Obtain energy from other organisms • Decomposers = decay bacteria • Recycle essential nutrients

  4. Autotrophic bacteria • Make their own organic compounds 1. Photosynthetic 2. Chemosynthetic: release energy from chemical compounds such as H2S & CH4

  5. Cyanobacteria • Blue-green algae, primitive plant-like bacteria • Phylum Cyanobacteria • First photosynthetic organisms on earth

  6. Stromatolites • Calcareous (fossil) mounds formed by blue-green algae 3 b.y.a.

  7. Red tides • Some are caused by cyanobacteria • Cause rashes on swimmers

  8. Kingdom Protista • Algae - aquatic, photosynthetic organisms • Eukaryotic • Single and multi-cellular

  9. DiatomsKingdom ProtistaPhylum Chrysophyta • Unicellular • Silica (glass) cell walls • Important Primary producers • Diatomaceous earth : • Filters for swimming pools • Temperature and sound insulators • Abrasives (toothpaste)

  10. Blooms • Period of rapid diatom or dinoflagellate reproduction

  11. DinoflagellatesKingdom ProtistaPhylum Pyrrophyta • Planktonic, unicellular • Almost all are marine • Red tides • Release toxins - (Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning) that are concentrated by shellfish • Bioluminescence - Noctiluca

  12. Zooxanthellae • Dinoflagellate that lives in the tissue of marine animals such as corals, clams, etc. • When Zooxanthellae leave the corals, they turn white = Coral Bleaching

  13. Protozoans Foraminiferans • Simple, animal-like protists • Ingest food and are photosynthetic • Single-celled • Foraminiferans - have a shell or “test” of CaCO3 • Radiolarians - secrete shells of silica Radiolarians

  14. Kingdom Fungi • Multicellular eukaryotic • 500 marine species • Decompose dead organic matter

  15. Kingdom Plantae • Seaweeds (Macroalgae) • All eukaryotic • Lack true stems, leaves and roots • Most are multicellular • Challenges to Seaweeds • Wave action and turbulence • Competition for light and space • Predators

  16. Structure of Seaweed • Thallus – complete plant • Blades - leaf-like portion • Pneumatocysts - gas filled bladders (filled w/CO2) • Holdfast - root-like structure (anchors)holds on to bottom • Stipe – stem

  17. Phylum Chlorophyta(Green algae) • Mostly freshwater and terrestrial • 10% of species are marine Ulva

  18. Phylum Phaeophyta (Brown Algae) • Almost all species are marine • Sargassum (Sargasso seaweed) • Macrocystis (Giant Kelp) • plants grow up to 300 ft • can grow 20”/day • form kelp beds or kelp forests • Harvested for Algin (used in cosmetics and ice cream).

  19. Phylum Rhodophyta(Red Algae) • Highest commercial value • Fertilizer and animal feed • Agar and carrageenan: gelling and thickening agents • Coralline algae: have calcium carbonate in cell walls. • Species: Nori (Porphyra), Irish Moss

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