Industralization i n the USSR

1. Industralizationin theUSSR

2. Purpose and aims of Industrialization • TheaimwastomoderniseRussia • Thepurposewastocatch up withthe western economy

3. How did he put it into practice? • Enforced Rapid industralization

4. Gosplan

5. Important actions of Gosplan USSR Council of Labour and Defenseestablished. (1923) Five-Year Plan created. (1928) 1920 Gosplancreated: February 1921 1930 1940 1950 1960 1925 1935 1945 1955 Wassplitinto 2 comissions: USSR Council of Ministers State Commission for Perspective Planning and USSR Council of Ministers Economical Commission for Current Planning of State Economy. (1955) “Control numbers” (1925) Economics and financialexpertswereinstructedtocreate a plan. (1927)

6. Five-Year Plan Actions: October 1928. Heavy industries needed to triple their output and light industry needed to double there output. Electrical energy was needed to be rise 6 times it was. Aim: Transformation from agrarian into industrial country. In each of the areas (industry, agriculture, education, etc.) targets were set. Failure of the target given could be punished as disloyalty. But Stalin after watching the effort of the workers ordered that the targets will be done in 4 years instead of 5. Motives: • In 1927 there was a ‘war scare’ • In 1928 countries were paying saboteurs to ruin the USSR’s coal mines.

7. Results of Five-Year Plan Output of heavy industry in millions of tonnes AftertheFirstFive-Year Plan finishedthesecondFiveYear Plan wascreated. 1927-8 1932-3 1932 (planned) (actual) Oil 11.7 22.0 21.4 Steel 4.0 10.4 5.9 Coal 35.4 75.0 64.3 Problems: Industrial workersdoubledfrom 11.3 millionto 22.8 million. Thebasicserviceswereovercrowded. 1932 1937 1937 (planned) (actual) Oil 21.7 46.8 28.5 Steel 5.9 17.0 17.7 Coal 64.3 152.5 128.0

8. Light Industry • “The manufacture of small or light articles” • Shoes, Clothes, Electronics, etc. • Stalin was concentrated on developing, heavy Industry and producing food • H.I.: Machines for Industries, Artillery for the army • Stalin was focusing in the obvious and ignoring things such as clothes. Very important in winter, cold weather.

9. Life in the industrial cities Thepioneersweretheunexpiriencedpeoplethatfirst moved this heavy industryintothevirginlands. • Factories were built in vast, reachable and desertic places with a good sources of water near it. • Houses were built last, what mettered was the factory. Workers slept in tents • You couldn’t be late to work without a good excuse or else you’ll be punished Work was very estrcit and people often left town looking for better conditions. This is why the internal passport was invented by the secret police. This way they could control the population that could only get out of town with their permission.

10. Main industrial cities Magnitogorsk Sverdalovsk Located in the Ural Mountains Soroundingcountires hated communism, and later attacked starting here. (Romania, Iran, Finland and Poland

11. Magnitogorsk Magnitanaya Mountain: pure iron producer factories Ural River Houses

12. Sverdalovsk • This place was rich in many metals and minerals like iron, copper, gold, talcum, ect. • biggest industrial city in Russia at that time This place wasalsolocated in theUral Mountains . It has longcoldwinters and short hotsummers . Workershadtosuffer in thecoldbeauseliketheother industrial cities, therewere no houses • Allthemetalsproducedhere, willlater be usedforthetrainrailwaysneeded in thesecondWorldWar.

13. StakhanoviteMovement • Onthe 31st of august, 1935 AlexeyStahanovwascaught and reportedthat he hadminedabout 103 tonnes of coal in lessthansixhourswhichwasabout 14 times more than he wasallowedto mine. • Thisactstarted a so calledStakhanoviteMovementtorisetheproductivity of theworkersbymasteringsome new equipment and techniquesonmining.

14. AlexeyStakhanov • Stakhanovwasborn in RussiaonJanuary 1906 • He became a miner in the soviet union and he washailed as a pioneerforhavingsuchgreatworkingmethod • after he becamethespotlight of a propaganda campaign he wasconsidered a role modelformanyrussiansbecause he wasmotivatingtheworkers.

15. Problems of industrialization • Serious problems soon arose because of Stalin’s unrealistic production goals. With the greatest share of investment put into heavy industry, extensive shortages of consumer goods occurred, and inflation grew. • At the same time, many of the workers were slave workers and kulaks from the gulag (this was in collectivization). Strikers were shot, and wreckers (slow workers) could be executed or imprisoned. Thousands died from accidents, starvation or cold. Housing and wages were terrible, and no consumer goods were produced for people.

16. After two years people ignored his idea of Stalin to voluntarily unite their farms into one collective farm (collecticization) and there had been a famine (shortage of food) so Stalin decided to make collectivization compulsory. The peasants hated the idea, so they burned their crops and killed their animals rather than hand them over to the state. There was another famine in 1930. • Perhaps 3 million kulaks were killed, there were famines in 1930 and 1932 – 33 when 5 million people starved to death.

17. Almudena UrangaLia Rizo PatronGabriela Arregui Camila SalasAlessandra RoncalMariajoseDomenack