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Chemical Signals in Animals

Chemical Signals in Animals. Chemical Signals in Animals. A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by endocrine glands (“ductless glands”) May affect whole body or only target cells

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Chemical Signals in Animals

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  1. Chemical Signals in Animals

  2. Chemical Signals in Animals A hormone is a chemical secreted into the blood (or other body fluids) that communicates a regulatory message Secreted by endocrine glands (“ductless glands”) May affect whole body or only target cells Important for maintaining homeostasis.

  3. Chemical Signals in Animals Nervous system and endocrine system are very closely interrelated Some hormones are secreted by nerve cells Some act as both hormones and neurotransmitters.

  4. Homeostasis Blood calcium level

  5. Homeostasis rises Blood calcium level

  6. Homeostasis rises Blood calcium level

  7. Homeostasis calcitonin rises Blood calcium level

  8. Homeostasis calcitonin rises lowers Blood calcium level

  9. Homeostasis calcitonin rises lowers Blood calcium level drops

  10. Homeostasis calcitonin rises lowers Blood calcium level drops

  11. Homeostasis calcitonin rises lowers Blood calcium level drops parathyroid hormone (PTH)

  12. Homeostasis calcitonin rises lowers Blood calcium level raises drops parathyroid hormone (PTH)

  13. Homeostasis insulin rises lowers Blood glucose level raises drops glucagon

  14. Homeostasis The thyroid makes thyroxin (T4), which controls metabolic rate and other functions. T4

  15. Homeostasis Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is made by the anterior pituitary. T4 TSH

  16. Homeostasis TSH releasing hormone (TRH) is made by the hypothalamus. TRH T4 TSH

  17. Homeostasis A buildup of T4 signals the hypothalamus to stop making TRH. TRH T4 TSH

  18. Homeostasis A buildup of TSH does the same thing. TRH T4 TSH

  19. Hormonal Signals Some are local and affect only neighboring cells. These are broken down within seconds Tropic hormones affect other endocrine glands Pheromones affect other organisms Receptors can be on the cell surface or intracellular.

  20. Some Important Glands Hypothalamus & pituitary Control of other glands, Growth (GH) Menstruation & lactation Many other functions.

  21. Some Important Glands Pineal Biological rhythms Thyroid & Parathyroid Homeostasis (calcitonin & PTH) Pancreas Blood glucose (insulin & glucagon).

  22. Some Important Glands Adrenal Stress (epinephrine & norepinephrine) Gonadal Androgens, estrogen, progestin.

  23. Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle

  24. Hormonal control of the menstrual cycle

  25. hypothalamus follicle pituitary uterus menstruation

  26. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus follicle GnRH pituitary uterus

  27. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus follicle GnRH FSH & LH pituitary uterus

  28. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus follicle estrogen GnRH estrogen thickens FSH & LH pituitary uterus

  29. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus follicle estrogen GnRH estrogen thickens FSH & LH pituitary uterus

  30. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus follicle estrogen GnRH estrogen thickens FSH & LH pituitary uterus

  31. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus follicle estrogen GnRH estrogen thickens FSH & LH pituitary uterus

  32. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus follicle estrogen GnRH estrogen thickens FSH & LH pituitary uterus

  33. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus follicle estrogen GnRH estrogen thickens FSH & LH pituitary uterus

  34. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus follicle estrogen GnRH estrogen thickens FSH & LH pituitary uterus

  35. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus follicle estrogen GnRH estrogen thickens FSH & LH pituitary uterus

  36. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus follicle estrogen GnRH estrogen thickens FSH &LH pituitary uterus

  37. POSITIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus estrogen Ovulation! GnRH estrogen thickens FSH &LH pituitary uterus

  38. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus corpus luteum estrogen GnRH estrogen FSH &LH pituitary uterus

  39. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus corpus luteum estrogen GnRH estrogen ovum FSH &LH pituitary uterus

  40. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus corpus luteum estrogen GnRH estrogen ovum FSH &LH pituitary uterus

  41. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus corpus luteum estrogen & progesterone GnRH estrogen & progesterone ovum FSH &LH pituitary uterus

  42. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus corpus luteum estrogen & progesterone GnRH estrogen & progesterone develops endometrium ovum FSH &LH pituitary uterus

  43. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus corpus luteum Stop! estrogen & progesterone GnRH estrogen & progesterone develops endometrium ovum FSH &LH pituitary uterus

  44. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus corpus luteum Stop! estrogen & progesterone GnRH estrogen & progesterone develops endometrium ovum FSH &LH pituitary uterus

  45. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus corpus luteum Stop! estrogen & progesterone GnRH estrogen & progesterone develops endometrium ovum FSH &LH pituitary uterus

  46. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus corpus luteum estrogen & progesterone GnRH estrogen & progesterone ovum FSH &LH pituitary uterus

  47. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK hypothalamus corpus luteum estrogen & progesterone GnRH estrogen & progesterone ovum FSH &LH pituitary uterus menstruation

  48. BACK TO THE BEGINNING hypothalamus follicle GnRH pituitary uterus menstruation

  49. Vocabulary Review hormone endocrine target cells homeostasis calcitonin PTH insulin glucagon tropic hormone pheromone hypothalamus pituitary thyroid pancreas adrenal gonadal

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