1 / 23

AP US History

AP US History. Chapter 7: Completing the Revolution: 1780-1815. George Washington (1789-1797). The First Congress. When it convened in 1789, the first Congress had a great deal of work to do Taxes: passed a tariff as the chief source of income

mimir
Download Presentation

AP US History

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. AP US History Chapter 7: Completing the Revolution: 1780-1815

  2. George Washington (1789-1797)

  3. The First Congress • When it convened in 1789, the first Congress had a great deal of work to do • Taxes: passed a tariff as the chief source of income • Bill of Rights: James Madison proposed 19 amendments, 10 of which were ratified • Presidential Cabinet: created the Departments of State, War, and Treasury • Courts: passed the Judiciary Act of 1789, which created the federal court system, including the Supreme Court • Had to deal with a very weak economy and crushing debt • Alexander Hamilton was appointed the first Secretary of the Treasury • His ideas helped to stabilize the economy and address debt

  4. Hamilton’s Economic Plans • In 1790, issued his “Report on Public Credit”, outlining the debts of the United States and his plans to address them and the economy • Federal government would assume all debts, national and state, left over from the Revolution • Securities would be issued to creditors to pay off debt • The debt would be a permanent fixture, rather than paying it off • Bank of the United States: created to manage debt and taxes • Excise taxes: issued on items such as alcohol, tea and coffee to collect revenue and regulate to fund the debt

  5. Opposition to Hamilton • Many people opposed Hamilton’s plans, believing them to closely resemble the tyranny that they fought to escape • Biggest critic was Thomas Jefferson • Supporters of Hamilton wanted a strong central government and the Bank, including George Washington • Supporters of Jefferson wanted less regulation and a farmer friendly economy • Compromise was made to accept the plan if the permanent capital was built in the South • Eventually, land in Virginia was used to build Washington, DC

  6. Foreign Affairs • The United States faced several struggles with foreign nations in the 1790s • Anglo-French War in 1793 • Officially declared neutrality, but people chose their sides • Citizen Genet: French ambassador that attempted to gain US support • Angered Washington after he commissioned Americans to fight, against the neutrality of the nation • Orders in Council • Issued by Great Britain in response to Genet • Seized American ships and impressed Americans into royal service • Aided Native Americans in fighting settlers in the NW Territory

  7. Foreign Affairs • Between the Anglo-French War and escalation of tribal violence in the west, Washington entered negotiations with Britain in 1794 • Sent John Jay to Britain, drafted Jay’s Treaty • Addressed British occupation of forts on American land, to which Britain promised to withdraw • Did not address impressment or fair trade • Pinckney’s Treaty • Negotiations between the US and Spain • Ended a dispute of lands in the Southeast and gave America access to the Mississippi River and New Orleans

  8. Domestic Affairs • Things weren’t any easier on the home front in the 1790s • Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794 • Result of issues between tribes and settlers in NW Territory • Defeated tribes near Toledo, OH, led by General “Mad Anthony” Wayne • Treaty of Greenville: forced tribes to cede lands to white settlers in Ohio and Indiana, causing more frictions • Whiskey Rebellion: skirmish in western PA in 1794 • People refused to pay tax on whiskey, challenging federal authority • Washington sent army to Pittsburgh to end it, with little resistance

  9. Washington’s Farewell and the Election of 1796 • In 1796, Washington was asked to run for a third term of office, but he refused • Felt that change was needed to avoid looking like a king • Set a precedent that held until FDR in 1940 • When he stepped down, he addressed the nation on several issues • Avoid political parties • Avoid getting involved in foreign affairs and treaties • Vice President John Adams was elected as the new president • His opposite, Thomas Jefferson, was elected vice president • Set up a heated showdown in 1800

  10. John Adams (1797-1801)

  11. Adams’ Presidency • Foreign relations were sticky as Adams came into office • France broke off relations with the US after Jay’s Treaty • To cool the tensions, Adams sent representatives to France • Resulted in the XYZ Affair • Three unnamed French officials refused to see the Americans • Demanded a payment of $250,000 and a loan of $12 million • “Not a sixpence” was paid, and the Americans returned home • In 1798, an undeclared naval war erupted between France and the United States

  12. Adams’ Presidency • Alien and Sedition Acts • Extended naturalization period from 5 to 14 years • Deport immigrants without cause during wartime and those “dangerous” to the United States • Punished people that spoke ill of the government or advocated disobedience • Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Reaction by each state to the Alien and Sedition Acts • Nullified the laws, with the law not being renewed when it expired • Cost Adams reelection in 1800

  13. Election of 1800 • One of the most important elections in the nation’s history • Pitted John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr in a bitter partisan battle between Federalists (Adams) and Democratic-Republicans (Jefferson & Burr) • Jefferson and Burr tied with 73 votes, eliminating Adams • The House of Representatives were charged with electing the President • Finally, after 35 votes, Jefferson was elected, with Burr as Vice-President • A peaceful transfer of power took place as Adams departed and Jefferson came in to office • Set a precedent that has existed since

  14. Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809)

  15. Jefferson’s Presidency • Outlined his goals in his inaugural address • Smaller government • Elimination of a standing military • Protection of civil liberties and states’ rights • Wanted to purge the government of his opponents, the Federalists • John Adams packed the courts with Federalist judges before his departure • Repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801, eliminating many judge positions • Marburyv. Madison (1803) • Established the power of judicial review • Gives the courts power to decide on constitutionality of laws made by the President and Congress

  16. Jefferson’s Presidency • Louisiana: large tract of land controlled by Spain, ceded to France in 1801 • Napoleon planned for a new French empire • Jefferson approached France about buying New Orleans to keep American access to the Mississippi River • Instead, Napoleon offered all of Louisiana for a price of $15 million • Jefferson struggled with the constitutionality of the purchase, but decided the benefits outweighed the consequences • Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806) • Meriwether Lewis and William Clark • Sent by Jefferson to find a water route to the Pacific through Louisiana and research the land, plants and animals of the purchase

  17. Louisiana Purchase, 1803

  18. Lewis & Clark Expedition, 1804-06

  19. Jefferson’s Presidency • First term of presidency a great success • Second term, not so much • War broke out again between Great Britain and France in 1804, lasting until 1815 • America profited from selling goods to both sides early in the war • Britain controlled the seas, France the lands of Europe, resulting in stalemate • France issued the Berlin Decree to prevent trade with Britain • Britain issued the Orders in Council, preventing French trade • However, British action against the United States pushed the nation closer to war • Led to the Embargo Act of 1808 • Outlawed trade with all foreign nations, destroying the US economy

  20. James Madison (1809-1817)

  21. Madison’s Presidency • James Madison was elected to the presidency in 1808 • Inherited a terrible situation, foreign and domestic • Responded to the Embargo Act with the Non-Intercourse Act • Opened up trade with foreign nations except France and Britain • Mostly ineffective • Macon’s Bill No. 2, 1810 • Opened up trade to all, but reserved right to reinstate embargo against belligerents • France baited the United States into war with Britain by reopening trade • By 1811, Congress was discussing was with Britain

  22. The War of 1812 • To protect American interests, a group in Congress called the War Hawks called for war declaration • Native Americans led by Tecumseh in the Northwest Territory were thought to be instigated by Britain • Defeated by General William Henry Harrison at Tippecanoe in November 1811 • War Hawks outlined several British violations to justify war • Orders in Council and impressment of Americans • British spies in the United States • Instigating the Native Americans on American soil • Madison addressed Congress in June 1812, calling for war • War declared on June 18, with no votes from Federalists

  23. War of 1812 • Fought the British and Native Americans from 1812-1815 • Tecumseh’s forces defeated at the Battle of the Thames • Red Stick faction in the South defeated at Horseshoe Bend • Many battles fought on the Great Lakes and in British controlled Canada • Final battle fought in January 1815 at New Orleans, a month after the war ended • Hartford Convention, 1814 • Federalist threat of secession over disagreement with the war • Treaty of Ghent • Restored previous borders • British agreed to leave forts in American territory

More Related