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AP US History

AP US History. Chapter 3: England Discovers Its Colonies: Empire, Liberty and Expansion. Mercantilism. Mercantilism is the belief that a nation is only as powerful as their wealth Colonies needed to obtain wealth Gold and silver a measure of that wealth

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AP US History

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  1. AP US History Chapter 3: England Discovers Its Colonies: Empire, Liberty and Expansion

  2. Mercantilism • Mercantilism is the belief that a nation is only as powerful as their wealth • Colonies needed to obtain wealth • Gold and silver a measure of that wealth • Nations had to control colonies to obtain wealth; several laws addressed this • First Navigation Act (1651) • Balance of trade • Control of what nations and goods could be traded in English and colonial ports • Rules on nationality of ship captains and crew • Navigation Act of 1660 • Only English ships allowed in colonial ports • Half of ship crews required to be English • Enumerate commodities could only be shipped to England or other English colonies • Staple Act of 1663: goods going to the colonies from other nations had to pass through England first

  3. Mercantilism • Plantation Duty Act of 1673: ship captains paid bond in the colonies promising to deliver goods to England • If not, pay taxes that would be owed in England • Hoped to eliminate incentive to smuggle • Navigation Acts were unpopular with the colonists • However, the intended goal of the Acts was achieved • Displaced Dutch trade in the Western Hemisphere • Gave England a near monopoly over trade

  4. Native Americans and the English Colonies • Europeans had an enormous effect on the Native Americans • Disease decimated the population • European goods became a part of Native culture and life • Mostly Puritan missionaries attempted to convert Native Americans, especially in New England • Iroquois League: confederation of five tribes, promise to not fight each other • Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca • Also formed an alliance with colonists called the Covenant Chain of Peace in 1677

  5. Native and Colonial Violence • However, not all interactions were peaceful; several wars erupted in the colonies amongst the Native Americans and settlers • Metacom’s (King Philip’s) War (1675-1676) • Pitted New England Puritans against two tribes, the Wampanoags and Narragansetts • Brutal fighting • Colonists eventually won after enlisting the help of the Mohawks and Mohegans • Metacom killed, many followers sold into slavery • Virginia’s Indian War (1675) • Colonists fight against Doegs and Susquehannocks • Disagreement amongst colonists whether to attack or defend • Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) • Led by Nathaniel Bacon, upset over colonial inaction • Slaughtered hundreds of innocent Native Americans • Arrested for his actions, but forgiven

  6. Crisis in England and the Colonies • Glorious Revolution (1688) • Overthrow of King James II after he violated laws regarding appointment of Catholics • Brought William III and Mary II to power • Passed Toleration Act that allowed Protestants (not Catholics) freedom to worship • Spread to the colonies as well • Salem Witch Trials (1692) • 150 people, mostly young girls, accused of witchcraft in Salem, MA • Several were executed, but none of the executed confessed • 50 confessors were never executed • Trials ended when the governor’s wife was accused • With all of the religious conflicts in the colonies in the late 1600s, nearly all colonies were converted to royal colonies • Guaranteed representative government

  7. An English Empire • By the early 1700s, England had a strong empire in the Americas • Navigation Act of 1696 • Closed loopholes from previous Acts • Board of Trade (1696) • Advisory in nature in regards to control of trade • Act of Union, 1707 • United England and Scotland • Tremendous effect on Scotland as they benefitted greatly from colonial trade

  8. France and Spain’s American Empires • France and Spain were more interested in converting Native Americans, to limited effect • Pueblo Revolt (1675-93) • Pueblo converts reverted to traditional worship after years of famine and drought • Revolt killed thousands of Spaniards and destroyed missions in New Mexico • Thousands of Pueblos also killed, eventually submitting to the Spanish once again • The French had more success in avoiding conflict, establishing treaties with the Algonquians and Iroquois

  9. Three Warring Empires • From 1689-1713, England, France and Spain fought against one another • France and Spain fought to survive • England fought to expand • Ended by Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 • Several wars were fought in the years • King William’s War (1689-97) • Queen Anne’s War (1702-13) • The wars impeded population growth in New England and the Carolinas • However, settlers began moving west in Virginia, Pennsylvania and Maryland

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