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The same conditions which trigger the use of the present subjunctive apply to the present perfect subjunctive: to express emotions, doubt, uncertainty, denial, the non-existence of someone or something. Verbos de cabeza: If VCa is negative. Verbos de corazón: If subjects are different.
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The same conditions which trigger the use of the present subjunctive apply to the present perfect subjunctive: to express emotions, doubt, uncertainty, denial, the non-existence of someone or something. • Verbos de cabeza: If VCa is negative. • Verbos de corazón: If subjects are different. Present subjunctivePresent perfect subjunctive Espero que duermas bien. Espero que hayas dormido bien. I hope that you sleep/will sleep well. I hope that you have slept/slept well. No creo que aumente de peso. No creo que haya aumentado de peso. I don’t think he will gain weight. I don’t think he has gained weight/gained weight.