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Wind Turbine Control Design to Reduce Capital Costs

Wind Turbine Control Design to Reduce Capital Costs. P. Jeff Darrow (Colorado School of Mines) Alan Wright (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Kathryn E. Johnson (Colorado School of Mines). Overview. Introduction Wind Turbine Description Baseline Controller Description

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Wind Turbine Control Design to Reduce Capital Costs

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  1. Wind Turbine Control Design to Reduce Capital Costs P. Jeff Darrow (Colorado School of Mines) Alan Wright (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Kathryn E. Johnson (Colorado School of Mines)

  2. Overview • Introduction • Wind Turbine Description • Baseline Controller Description • Design Load Cases (DLCs) • Preliminary Results • Conclusions • Future Work

  3. Introduction - Work Site(s) • This research in this project is being performed at two sites • The National Wind Technology Center (NREL) • Colorado School of Mines

  4. Introduction - Motivation • Increasing demand for wind energy • Wind turbines operate in extreme conditions • Experiencing both fatigue and extreme loads • IEC dictates a minimum design life of 20 years • The current design approach is to use robust components • This causes a high capital cost of each wind turbine

  5. Introduction – Goals • Perform a full loads case analysis • Help guide wind turbine control research • Identify design driving events and the responsible factors • Develop advanced control techniques to mitigate prominent loads • Show a potential to reduce capital costs with controller design

  6. Introduction - General • This research is still in progress • Results are specific to the CART3

  7. Wind Turbine Description Controls Advanced Research Turbine

  8. Regions of Operation

  9. Controls Advanced Research Turbines • The NWTC has two primary research turbines • Model: Westinghouse WTG-600 • Originally from a wind farm in Oahu, Hawaii • However, they are not ordinary (industry) turbines • Specially outfitted with extra sensors and actuators for research purposes • Original pitch system replaced • New generator system added • New control system added

  10. Control Actuators • Blade pitch • Limit of 18˚/second • Generator torque • Limit of 3581 N*m • Yaw • Limit of 0.5 ˚/second

  11. CART3 Characteristics • 3 bladed, upwind • Active yaw • Rated power: ~600 kW • Rated torque: 3581 N*m • Class IIB rating by IEC • Rated wind speed: 13.5 m/s • Rated rotor speed: 41.7 rpm • Cp,max: 0.4666

  12. CART3 Model for Simulations • Three main components • Rotor • Tower • Nacelle • Modeled with the NREL design-code FAST • Uses many DOF’s to model turbine dynamics

  13. CART Model - DOFs 1st Tower Side-to-Side Mode Shaft Torsion 1st Tower Fore-Aft Mode

  14. Baseline Controller Description Design Implementation Verification

  15. Baseline Controller Design • Baseline controller works in regions 2, 2.5, and 3 • Region 2 uses torque control: • Regions 2.5 provides a linear torque curve • Region 3 uses a PID type collective pitch controller

  16. Baseline Controller Implementation • The fore mentioned control scheme is implemented using a DLL linked to the FAST model • Region 2 control is built into the FAST simulator • Region 3 control is defined in the linked DLL • Operation of overall controller was verified for proper operation

  17. Baseline Controller Verification

  18. Baseline Controller Verification

  19. Design Load Cases

  20. Design Load Cases (DLC’s) • Defined by IEC Document 61400-1 • Provides load cases to predict turbine loading • Focus on cases that do not require controller logic for start-up/shutdown • Each applicable case applied to the CART3 model • Resulting loads observed

  21. DLCs of Interest

  22. Preliminary Results Only a representative subset of the total available results is presented here

  23. DLC 1.3 -- Power Production-- Extreme Turbulence Model-- No faults

  24. DLC 1.3 -- Power Production-- Extreme Turbulence Model-- No faults

  25. DLC 1.3 -- Power Production-- Extreme Turbulence Model-- No faults

  26. DLC 1.3 -- Power Production-- Extreme Turbulence Model-- No faults

  27. DLC 2.3 -- Power Production-- Extreme Operating Gust-- Internal Electrical System Fault

  28. DLC 2.3 -- Power Production-- Extreme Operating Gust-- Internal Electrical System Fault

  29. DLC 2.3 -- Power Production-- Extreme Operating Gust-- Internal Electrical System Fault

  30. DLC 2.3 -- Power Production-- Extreme Operating Gust-- Internal Electrical System Fault

  31. DLC 6.3 -- Parked-- Extreme Wind Model-- 30° Yaw misalignment

  32. DLC 6.3 -- Parked-- Extreme Wind Model-- 30° Yaw misalignment

  33. DLC 6.3 -- Parked-- Extreme Wind Model-- 30° Yaw misalignment

  34. DLC 6.3 -- Parked-- Extreme Wind Model-- 30° Yaw misalignment

  35. Conclusions & Future Work

  36. Conclusions • The CART3 had been successfully modeled in FAST • The baseline controller has been developed and implemented in simulation • All DLCs of interest have been simulated • We currently have all of the data needed to conduct an in depth analysis

  37. Future Work • Continue work to quantify design driving events • Design and simulate controllers to handle prominent cases • Re-run the suite of DLCs to show new results • We hope to show a potential to reduce the capital costs of a wind turbine by controller design

  38. Acknowledgements • Marshall Buhl • NREL • Jason Jonkman • NREL

  39. Thank You Have a wonderful day

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