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English Sentence Analysis

English Sentence Analysis. The End. Words. auxiliary, conjunction, coordinator, clause, declarative, determiner, exclamatory, gender, imperative, interrogative, interjection, lexical, modal, object, predicator, preposition, indefinite pronoun, proper noun, subordinator,.

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English Sentence Analysis

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  1. English Sentence Analysis The End

  2. Words • auxiliary, conjunction, coordinator, clause, declarative, determiner, exclamatory, gender, imperative, interrogative, interjection, lexical, modal, object, predicator, preposition, indefinite pronoun, proper noun, subordinator,

  3. Should grammar be taught in schools? • Should it be taught in Japanese? • Should it be taught in English? • How should it be taught? • Explicit teaching • Implicit teaching

  4. Good books • Thomson, A.J. and A.V. Martinet (1960) A Practical English Grammar, Oxford University Press • Quirk,R, S. Greenbaum, G. Leech and J. Svartvik (1985) A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, Longman

  5. Problems • Books do not agree • Books do not have all the information we need • Books are written by people. • People are not perfect.

  6. Solution • Discover the rules. • Rules are patterns of the language. • Analyze real data (language).

  7. Steps in the analysis • Find finite verbs • Find coordinators and subordinators • Determine sentence type • Find the constituents of each clause • Analyze the phrases, NP, PP, etc.

  8. Analyzing complex nouns • Find the head • Find the determiners • Find the premodifiers • Find post-modifiers

  9. Problems • Unusual sentence types • The limit of constituents

  10. Non-canonical sentence types • Passive • One letter was written in ten minutes. • Ellipsis • Peter is leaving tonight and Joan _tomorrow. • Extraposition • That you study hard is necessary. • It is necessary that you study hard.

  11. Existential there • Although there appears to be little documentary evidence to support it, there is a long tradition that Trinity Mill, at some time in its life, was a fulling mill. • There happens to be another current live inquiry of a Germany car manufacturer. • There seems to have existed a form of Spanish Islam which was like nothing then available anywhere in Europe.

  12. Cleft constructions • Benjamins published this book in Amsterdam. • It is Benjamins who published this book in Amsterdam. • It is this book that Benjamins published. • It was in Amsterdam that Benjamins published this book.

  13. Pseudo-cleft sentences • John writes books. • What John does is write books. • You need to study a lot. • What you need to do is study a lot.

  14. Topicalization • I spotted Harriet yesterday at the movies. • Harriet I spotted yesterday at the movies. • You said the Bahamas were warm in January. • The Bahamas you said were warm in January.

  15. More extraposition • A woman who was wearing a fur coat entered the room. • A woman entered the room who was wearing a fur coat. • A review of this book will appear shortly. • A review will appear shortly of this book.

  16. Exercise • Go to British National Corpus: • http://sara.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/lookup.html • Perform a simple search for ‘bribed’. • Copy the results in a Word file. • Extract the clause containing the word ‘bribed’ for the first 10 examples.

  17. Useful sites • Short articles on grammar: • http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/dick/TES.htm • Grammar games and sentence analysis software: • http://visl.sdu.dk/ • Intelligent dictionary: • http://wordnet.princeton.edu/ • Games from BBC Schools • “English”, age 11-16 : • http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/games/

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