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From World War to Cold War. Nuremburg Trials. Yalta Conference Feb 1945. 1. The establishment of the United Nations. 2. A Divided Germany. Germany Divided. 3. Free Elections?. 4. USSR promised to join the war against Japan. What to do with Poland?. Atrocities of World War II.
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The Cold War 1945-1990US vs Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Discussion/Recall Communism vs Democracy Socialism vs Capitalism
Cold War Characterisitcs • It was a struggle that contained everything short of war. • Each side denied the others right to exist. • Each side used propaganda against the other.
Causes of the Cold War • Different political systems -US is based on democracy, capitalism and freedom -USSR is based on dictatorship, communism and control • Debate-> Who’s #1 • Distrust • Stalin despised capitalism
Causes of Cold War • Stalin broke promise • Red Scare • USSR’s fear of the atomic bomb • USSR’s actions in their German zone • USSR’s goal to spread communism around the world • Mutual Distrust
Post WWII/Cold War Goals for US • Open Markets • Democracy • Stop the spread of communism
Post WWII/Cold War Goals for the USSR • Greater Security - population -feared Germany • Establish borders • Encourage friendly governments on it’s borders • Spread communism around the world
“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow. Athens alone -- Greece with its immortal glories -- is free to decide its future at an election under British, American and French observation. The Russian-dominated Polish Government has been encouraged to make enormous and wrongful inroads upon Germany, and mass expulsions of millions of Germans on a scale grievous and undreamed-of are now taking place. The Communist parties, which were very small in all these Eastern States of Europe, have been raised to pre-eminence and power far beyond their numbers and are seeking everywhere to obtain totalitarian control. Police governments are prevailing in nearly every case, and so far, except in Czechoslovakia, there is no true democracy.” Winston Churchill “Iron Curtain” Speech
In 1947 the British were helping the Greek government fight against communist guerrillas. They appealed to America for aid, and the response was the Truman Doctrine. America promised it would support free countries to help fight communism. Greece received large amounts of arms and supplies, and by 1949 had defeated the communists. The Truman Doctrine was significant because it showed that America, the most powerful western country, was prepared to resist the spread of communism throughout the world. Truman Doctrine
In 1947, US Secretary of State Marshall announced the Marshall Plan. This was a massive economic aid plan for Europe to help it recover from the damage caused by the war. There were two motives for this: Helping Europe to recover economically would provide markets for American goods, so benefiting American industry. A prosperous Europe would be better able to resist the spread of communism. This was probably the main motive. Marshall Plan
NATO • In 1949 the western nations formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization to co-ordinate their defense against Russia. • It consisted of:-America, Canada, Britain, France, Holland, BelgiumLuxembourg, Portugal, Denmark, Norway and Italy • Still around today
Arms Race Is On 1949 • Discuss massive retaliation and mutual deterrence • Balance of Power becomes Balance of Terror. • Propaganda War also begins.
Talks of peaceful co-existence and de-stalinization. Nikita Khrushchev Takes Over
1000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima atomic bomb Set off on Bikini Island in the Marshall Islands US Test Hydrogen Bomb-1952
Warsaw Pact • 1955- Soviet Union created its own military alliance. • Included U.S.S.R. and seven other satellite states in Eastern Europe.
Space Race • Science and technology played a competitive role in the Cold War also. • 1957- Soviet Union launched Sputnik. • U.S. Establishes NASA- National Aeronautics and Space Administration • 1961-U.S. launches its own satellite. • 1961-Soviets sent first man to space. • 1969-U.S. put the first man on the moon.
Conflicts Around the World • U.S. and Soviet Union clashed through surrogate states. (representative). • Conflicts occurred in East Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Latin America
