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Vascular plants: FERN and FERN ALLIES

Vascular plants: FERN and FERN ALLIES. Tracheophytes : The Vascular Plants. xylem (for transporting water and mineral nutrients) phloem (for transporting sugars from leaves to the rest of the plant) larger and more complex sporophyte is more prominent

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Vascular plants: FERN and FERN ALLIES

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  1. Vascular plants: FERN and FERN ALLIES

  2. Tracheophytes: The Vascular Plants • xylem (for transporting water and mineral nutrients) • phloem (for transporting sugars from leaves to the rest of the plant) • larger and more complex • sporophyte is more prominent • demonstrate increased levels of organization

  3. Major evolutionary advances of the vascular plants

  4. Major evolutionary advances of the vascular plants

  5. Major evolutionary advances of the vascular plants

  6. Primitive Vascular Plants: The Fern Allies

  7. Division Lycophyta: club mosses • oldest extant group of vascular plants • sporangia organized into strobili (sing.: strobilus) • may be either HOMOSPOROUS or HETEROSPOROUS • Leaves that contained vascular tissue

  8. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIES • Lycopodium • isospores • bisexual gametophyte

  9. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIES • Selaginella • small spores (microspores) that germinate to produce the male gametophyte • larger spores (megaspores) that germinate to produce the female gametophyte

  10. Division Sphenophyta:scouring rushes • leaves produced at a node (WHORLS) • production of isospores • spores bearing elaters (devices to aid in spore dispersal) • gametophyte is small, photosynthetic and free-living • Silica concentrated • jointed stems

  11. Division Psilophyta • traditionally considered to be the oldest living lineage of vascular plants • lack roots • stem is photosynthetic • no leaves but rather minute enations

  12. sporangia occur in fused groups (synangia) • bilobedsynangia of Tmesipteris • trilobedsynangia of Psilotum • resembles what paleobotanists believe Cooksonia

  13. CHARACTERISTICS: 1. Underground rhizome 2. Unicellular rhizoids 3. Erect stems dichotomize into the main photosynthetic organ

  14. REPRESENTATIVE species • Psilotum (2 species) and Tmesipteris (2-5 species)

  15. TRUE Ferns

  16. Division Pteridophyta • reproduce by spores from which the free-living bisexual gametophyte generation develops • megaphyllousleaves • leaf is called a frond • fiddleheads • central axis of a compound frond is called the rachis

  17. ANTHERIDIUM ARCHAEGONIUM

  18. READING ASSIGNMENT • READ ON GYMNOSPERMS AND ANGIOSPERMS • You may also use Biology by Campbell and Reece

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