“I Fish, Therefore I Lie”

1. “I Fish, Therefore I Lie”

3. OVERVIEW OF WORLD FISHERIES Reporting and Measurement Issues Major Fisheries - By Fish Major Fisheries - By Nation Major Fisheries - By Ocean Possible Future Fisheries Economic Values

4. I. Reporting and Measurement Issues “I Fish, Therefore I Lie” Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO Organizational Reporting Policies in General Chinese Reporting Policies in Particular

5. An Important Word: CREEL • Wicker Basket used to hold a fisher’s catch

6. An Important Word: CREEL • Wicker Basket used to hold a fisher’s catch • Fisheries Management term used to describe the mix of species in a fishing jurisdiction’s catch

7. Figure 3.1. Capture Fishery Production from 1993 to 2002. (Note that the y-axis does not begin at zero)

8. Figure 3.1. Capture Fishery Production from 1993 to 2002. (Note that the y-axis does not begin at zero)

9. II. Major Fisheries - by Fish THE FIRST TIER • Peruvian Anchovy • Alaskan Pollock • Skipjack Tuna • Capelin

10. Figure 3.2. Historical Catches of: (A) Peruvian Anchovy; (B) Alaska Pollock; (C) Skipjack Tuna; and (D) Capelin. Note the different scales on the y axes!

11. Peruvian Anchovy • Not heavily fished until the 1950s • By 1970, the largest fishery in the world • Susceptible to disruptions by ENSOs • Lessons may have been learned

14. Alaskan Pollock • Not heavily fished until the 1960s • Improvements in processing ability • were important • Overfishing a real concern • Monitoring and managing techniques • may be improving

16. Skipjack Tuna • Another recently developed fishery • Catches are trending upwards • This resource may be underutilized • Monitoring and managing techniques • are a challenge

19. Capelin • Yet another recently developed fishery • An early peak, a characteristic of • some new fisheries • An equlibrium may be being attained • This fishery is dominated by two • relatively cooperative countries

21. Capelin are members of the Osmeridae family of smelts. They are known as sparling in England. Capelin are slender translucent olive colored, small-scaled fish that grow to a maximum length of 25 cm (10 in). Capelin was once the primary food of cod in the North Atlantic. When the cod population diminished the capelin population increased dramatically. The species is found from the surface and down to depths of 300 metres. The bulk of the capelin catch goes for reduction into meal and oil, which is mostly used for production of animal feed, including salmon feed. But a part of the catch finds a market outlet in Japan where capelin is a popular snack and capelin roe is sought-after in Japan for its alleged aphrodisiac properties. During spawning, the male holds on tightly to the female with its pectoral and ventral fins and swims down towards the bottom. The majority die after spawning and only a few live to spawn a second time.

22. II. Major Fisheries - by Fish THE SECOND TIER • Atlantic Herring • Japanese Anchovy • Chilean Jack Mackerel • Blue Whiting

23. Figure 3.3. Historical Catches of: (A) Atlantic Herring; (B) Japanese Anchovy; (C) Chilean Jack Mackerel; and (D) Blue Whiting.

24. Atlantic Herring • An old fishery - based on gill netting • Introduction of purse seine technology • resulted in increased but • unsustainable yields • Effective management may result in a • stable fishery

27. Japanese Anchovy • A fishery with a long history of catch records • Stable until the entry of the Chinese into • the fishery • Current high catch may not be sustainable

29. Japanese Anchovy • A fishery with a long history of catch records • Stable until the entry of the Chinese into • the fishery • Current high catch may not be sustainable • “Alternatively, current high catch • may not be real”

30. Chilean Jack Mackerel • This fishery began with the collapse of the Peruvian Anchovy • It was subject to initial overexploitation • The current yield may be sustainable; Stable at 2 million tonnes from 2002 through 2008

32. Blue Whiting • A relatively recent fishery • Unregulated until recently • Recent increases in catch are recognized as unsustainable

34. Blue Whiting • 2005. EU, Faeroes, Iceland, Norway, agree on a management plan • A limit of 2 million tonnes set for 2006 • Agreement on reduced limits, to 540,000 tonnes by 2010

35. Blue Whiting • Until these multi-national agreements, Blue Whiting was exclusively used for reduction, to fish oil and animal feed. • With the new, lower, catch limits, attempts are being made to “add value” to this fishery.

36. Blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou). Length to 30-35 cm. Weight 150-300 grams.

37. III. Major Fisheries - by Nation THE FIRST TIER • China • Peru • United States • Indonesia

39. China • From 1989 to 1998, 1 MT/yr increases • were reported • From 1998 on, 0 MT/yr increases • were reported • Virtual Biology

41. Peru • Catch dominated by a single species • Overfishing is a manageable threat • ENSO is not a manageable threat

42. United States • Stable since 200 mile EEZ established Indonesia • Inshore trawl catch isn’t well identified • Offshore tuna catch is 75% of fishery

43. III. Major Fisheries - by Nation THE SECOND TIER • Japan • Chile • India • Russia

45. Japan and Russia • Declines a consequence of the EEZ Chile • Decline a consequence of drops in • catches of two heavily fished species India • 21% of catch is from inland waters • The Bombay Duck

46. Also called bummalo, Bombay Duck is a marine lizardfish, Harpodon nehereus, from southern Asia, particularly abundant in the Ganges Delta and the Arabian Sea of western India. It is a narrow, usually 6 to 8 inches long, slimy fish. It is caught in November and December; the processing goes on from December until March.

47. IV. Major Fisheries - by Ocean Atlantic 25.6% Pacific 62.6% Indian 10% Other 1.7

49. V. WHAT’S THE WORLD COMING TO? Possible Future Fisheries? Krill Myctophids Squid

50. Krill - What is it? Euphausia superba