1 / 16

Basic chemistry

Basic chemistry . Honors Earth Science – Mrs Naylor Fall 2013. Understanding Matter and Atoms. ALL matter is made up of atoms. An atom is the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of the particular element. Atoms and Elements.

mio
Download Presentation

Basic chemistry

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Basic chemistry Honors Earth Science – Mrs Naylor Fall 2013

  2. Understanding Matter and Atoms • ALL matter is made up of atoms. • An atom is the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of the particular element.

  3. Atoms and Elements • All of the atoms of a particular element have the same characteristics. • Atoms of two different elements will have characteristics that are different from each other. • This difference in due to the differing number of subatomic particles

  4. Common elements found on Earth Oxygen Silicon Aluminum Iron Calcium Sodium Magnesium Potassium Titanium Hydrogen

  5. Atomic Structure • An atom can be divided into two main regions: • The nucleus • The electron cloud

  6. Subatomic Particles • There are three different types of subatomic particles. The following table summarizes the information that you need to know for this class.

  7. Determining Number of SubAtomic Particles • # of protons = ALWAYS equal to the atomic number • # electrons = equal to the number of protons when the atom is neutral • # neutrons = Mass # - Atomic # • Mass # = Atomic mass rounded off to the nearest whole number

  8. Ions…. What are they?!?!? • An ion is an atom that has a charge. • Ions are formed by either losing or gaining an electron. • There are two types of ions • Cations - positively charged; have lost electrons; #p > #e • Anions – negatively charge; have gained electrons; #p< #e

  9. Isotopes • An isotope is a form of an element in which the mass number is different than the one listed on the periodic table. • Has a different number of neutrons that the element listed on the periodic table. • Can be identified in one of two ways: U- 235 or

  10. Elements and compounds • Atoms of different elements have the ability to combine together chemically to form compounds. The individual elements lose their properties. • For example, water, H2O, is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. • The subscript “2” indicates there are two atoms of hydrogen. When there is not a subscript, it is understood that only one atom of that particular element exists in the compound.

  11. The most common compounds found in Earth’s Crust • The ten most common compounds found in the Earth’s crust are:

  12. Atomic Bonding • Compounds are formed when atoms form chemical bonds. • Bonds are formed so that the atoms are more stable. • Electrons are involved in forming chemical bonds. • There are two main types of chemical bonds we are concerned with in this class: • Ionic • Covalent

  13. Ionic Bonds • Electrons are transferred. • Forms between a metal and a nonmetal. • The strongest type of bond. • The metal gives its valence electron to the nonmetal.

  14. Covalent Bonding • Electrons are shared in a covalent bond. • Forms between two nonmetals. These can be the same nonmetal or two different nonmetals. • Forms molecules • Two types of covalent bonds can be formed: • Polar - electrons shared unequally • Nonpolar – electrons shared equally.

  15. Chemical Equations • Used to represent chemical reactions. • The substances on the left hand side of the arrow are called the reactants. • The substances on the right hand side of the arrow are called the products.

  16. pH Scale • pH Scale: Measures how acidic or basic a substance is. • Ranges from 0 (very acidic)----- 14 (very basic) • A pH of 7 is considered neutral. Water is neutral.

More Related