Constitutional Requirements to be President

1. Executive Branch“The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same term, be elected”Article II, Section 1

2. Constitutional Requirements to be President • SSCG13 The student will describe the qualifications for becoming President of the U.S. • Explain the written qualifications for President of the United States. • Describe unwritten qualifications common to past presidents. Constitutional Requirements to be President • Natural born Citizen • 35 years old • Resident of the U.S. for at least 14 years *The Vice President’s qualifications are the same as the President with the exception that he/she can not have their primary residence in the same state as the President.

3. Informal Presidential Qualifications • College Educated • Military Experience • Prior government experience Most have been white, male, protestants with families

4. Inauguration of the President Term of Office: Four Years Inauguration: January 20th 20th Amendment moved inauguration from March to January to prevent a "lame duck" from taking office

5. Presidential Term Limits • Washington began the tradition of serving only two terms, but it was really unlimited until the 22nd Amendment, which gave two rules: • No one can be elected as President more than twice. • No one that serves more than two years of another President’s term can be elected more than once.

6. Benefits of the Presidency 1.Salary: $400,000 per year 2. Perks: • White House w/staff of 100+ • Doctors and Health Care • Expense Account of $50,000 • Air Force One and a fleet of jets and helicopters • Camp David – vacation spot in Maryland • Pension, Retirement, and Secret Service for 10 years after they leave office

7. Air Force One The White House Camp David Marine One

8. Vice Presidential Roles • President in Waiting • Acting President of the Senate and can vote in order to break a tie. • Power over presidential disability as stated in the 25th Amendment. • Chairs Commissions, meets foreign dignitaries, and advises the President. • All other responsibilities come from the President.

9. The Vice President The salary of the Vice President is currently $ 202,900 (since 2004)

10. 25th Amendment Procedures dealing with Presidential Disability • Vice President becomes President if the President resigns, is removed or dies. • If there is a vacancy in the Vice Presidency, then the President appoints a new V.P. and both houses of Congress must approve him. • The Vice President becomes acting President if the President is unable to serve temporarily. • The President becomes acting President as soon as he declares himself fit, unless the Vice President, a majority of the Cabinet and 2/3rds of the Congress declare him still unfit. Then the Vice President will remain the acting President until it is determined that the President is fit.

11. Presidential Succession Act • Following World War II, a new Presidential Succession Act of 1947 was passed • Placed the Speaker of the House and the president pro tempore of the Senate behind the vice president • The line of succession then extended to the executive department heads in the order in which their agencies were created.

13. Roles of the President SSCG12 The student will analyze the various roles played by the President of the United States; include Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, chief executive, chief agenda setter, representative of the nation, chief of state, foreign policy leader, and party leader.

14. Chief Executive • Enforce the law • Head the bureaucracy • Appoint federal officials • Negotiate treaties • Grant pardons, reprieves and amnesty

15. Chief of State • Representative of nation • Symbol of America • Host to distinguished delegates and visitors

16. Chief of the Economy • Guard the Economy • Prevent depressions • Balance budget

17. Commander in Chief • Civilian control of the military • Assignment of troops with war declaration from Congress • Sending troops without formal war declaration • Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • War Powers Act 1974

18. Party Leader • Shape party platform • Campaign for party • Mobilize public opinion

19. Chief Legislator/Agenda Setter • State of the Union Address • Recommend legislation • Present the budget • Veto power

20. Chief Diplomat • Treaty making with Senate approval • Establish diplomatic relations • Executive agreements

21. Presidential Powers SSCG4 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the organization and powers of the national government.

22. Executive Powers • Commander in Chief Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – while troops are in conflict, the President can take any action to protect the troops short of declaring war. War Powers Act – President cannot send troops out unless: • Congress declares War • A law authorizes the action • National Emergency: but the President must follow 2 rules: • Notify Congress within 48 hours • Cannot keep troops abroad for more than 60 days without Congressional Approval.

23. Executive Powers • Enforces Laws • Executive Agreement – agreements Presidents make on behalf of the U.S. with foreign countries that do not require Senate approval. • Treaty – agreements Presidents make on behalf of the U.S. with foreign countries that require Senate approval.

24. Executive Powers • Power of Appointment – appoints federal officials along with judges and Supreme Court justices. • Power of Removal – can remove federal officials but not judges or justices. • Executive Privilege – the right to withhold information from Congress and the Courts

25. Legislative Powers • Recommend Legislation 3 formal messages: State of the Union Address Economic Report Budget Message • Approve Legislation – signs bill into law

26. Legislative Powers • The Veto Power – forbid legislation • The Pocket Veto – to sit on the bill for ten days without signing it and it is a law. However, if Congress adjourns within ten days then it cannot be overridden. • To call Special Sessions of Congress

27. Judicial Powers • Appoint Judges and Justices to the Supreme Court • *Reprieves – delay carrying out of punishments in federal crimes • *Pardons – release from punishment in federal crimes by absolute or conditional • *Amnesty – blanket pardon given to groups of people **These do not work in cases of impeachment or in state crimes

28. Presidential Impeachment SSCG14 The student will explain the impeachment process and its usage for elected officials. • Explain the impeachment process as defined in the U.S. Constitution. • Describe the impeachment proceedings of Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton.

29. Impeachment • Presidents can be removed for "high crimes and misdemeanors" • House Judiciary Committee investigates to determine if there has been an offense (A majority vote is needed in committee to send charges to House) • Simple majority in full house impeaches the official • Senate holds trial to determine whether or not to remove official from office • Chief Justice of Supreme Court presides and a 2/3 vote of the Senate is needed

30. Andrew Johnson – May 1868 • Violating Tenure of Office Act (putting in new Secretary of War) • Saved by a single vote in the Senate, remained in office • Bill Clinton – December 1998 • Perjury - Votes 55 to 45 • Obstruction of Justice 50-50 • Acquitted and remained in office

31. Inside the Executive Branch • SSCG15 The student will explain the functions of the departments and agencies of the federal bureaucracy. • Compare and contrast the organization and responsibilities of independent regulatory agencies, government corporations, and executive agencies. • Explain the functions of the Cabinet.

32. The White House Office Staff • Handles the day-to-day activities of the President through the White House Office • The office coordinates the President’s schedule, writes his speeches, and conducts the business of the President, etc. • Includes the Chief of Staff, Deputy Chief of Staff, Council and Press Secretary Rahm Emanuel, Chief of Staff for Obama

33. Regulatory Agencies • Regulates a sector of the economy or government • Regulations protect the public • EXAMPLES: • FRB (Federal Reserve Board - banks) • FCC (Federal Communications Commission - broadcast media) • OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administrations - workplace) • FDA (Food & Drug Administration - food producers & pharmaceuticals)

34. Government Corporations • Provide goods or services that could be offered by a private company • Typically provide the services at a cheaper rate than a private corporation could • EXAMPLES: • Tennessee Valley Authority (power/electricity) • Postal Service (mail services) • Amtrak (railroad transportation)

35. Executive Departments & Agencies • The Executive Departments implement the policies of the President and enforce the laws • There are a total of 15 Executive Departments • The heads of the Departments are called Secretaries, except for the Justice Department which is headed by the Attorney General • The heads are known as the President’s Cabinet • The Bureaucracy is made up of non-elected officials that work for the government in these departments

36. The Cabinet • Formal advisory group that assists the President in his decisions • It is provided for in the Constitution under executive departments • The President decides the Cabinet’s role based on whether he wants to hear their advice. The First Three executive departments were State, Treasury, and War. The original Cabinet was made up of the Secretaries of State, Treasury, War, and the Attorney General.

37. Department of Homeland Security

38. Executive Branch in Georgia • Governor Nathan Deal • Lieutenant Governor Casey Cagle

39. Gubernatorial powers: • Head of state - the ceremonial leader • Chief Legislator - recommends a legislative agenda, writes budget, and signs/vetoes state laws • Commander in Chief - Georgia State Patrol and the Georgia National Guard