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Spanish American War

Spanish American War. Imperialism. Frontier declared ‘closed’ in 1890… How would Capitalism influence policy? What does Capitalism need?. Imperialism. What is Imperialism in 1898? New era Goal  expand territory Why? American tradition = Isolation How could gov’t justify expansion?

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Spanish American War

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  1. Spanish American War

  2. Imperialism • Frontier declared ‘closed’ in 1890… • How would Capitalism influence policy? • What does Capitalism need?

  3. Imperialism • What is Imperialism in 1898? • New era • Goal  expand territory • Why? • American tradition = Isolation • How could gov’t justify expansion? • Places imperialism within cultural understanding • Social Darwinsim • Military might • Policy (Doctrine)

  4. Social Darwinism & Empire • White Man’s Burden (1899) - Rudyard Kipling • “…Take up the White Man's burden-Send forth the best ye breed-Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child….” • Viewed certain peoples as savage… • What would ‘savages’ require • Belief: US leadership would be beneficial for the US, but also for the ‘savage’

  5. Militarism • Foreign defense also justified imperialism… • Alfred T. Mahan –The Influence of Sea Power upon History • Theodore Roosevelt – Assistant Sec. of the Navy

  6. Expansion by Doctrine Bush Doctrine – 2001 - policy of preemptive/ preventative war (dispose of potential or perceived threats, even if that threat was not immediate). Also a policy of spreading democracy around the world, especially in the Middle East Roosevelt Corollary - 1904 – A further development of the Monroe Doctrine. Emphasized the right of the US to intervene in the affairs of Central & South America Truman Doctrine – 1947 - "the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures • Monroe Doctrine • Roosevelt Corollary • Truman Doctrine • Bush Doctrine Monroe Doctrine – (1823) - Closes western hemisphere to further expansion by European powers

  7. Underlying Causes of the Spanish-American War • Cuban Revolution – Cuba Libre • Jose Marti- Cuba’s George Washington • General Weyler- Spaniard in control of Cuba; portrayed as a “butcher”

  8. Yellow Journalism • Joseph Pulitzer: New York World • William Randolph Hearst: New York Journal

  9. Underlying Causes of the Spanish-American War 2. Yellow Journalism- sensational writing used to sell newspapers William Hearst (NY Journal);Joseph Pulitzer (NY World) • exploit Weyler’s actions • Americans gain sympathy for the Cuban cause

  10. 3. The de Lôme Letter Private letter by Spanish minister Enrique Dupuy de Lôme published by Yellow Journalists Called McKinley weak Spain apologizes, de Lôme resigns: America angry Underlying Causes of the Spanish-American War

  11. USS Maine“Remember the Maine”Us battle ship explodes in Havana Harbor January 25, 1898

  12. WAR! Teller Amendment: The US would NOT annex Cuba. Cubans could retain "control of the island to its people." • Spain declared war on April 23, 1898; the U.S. Congress on April 25 declared the official opening as April 21. Admiral George Dewey attacks Manila Bay Soldiers prepared to fight in Cuba

  13. Teddy Roosevelt’s Rough Riders

  14. War Ends • Four months of war • 60,000 Casualties (dead, missing, wounded) for the Spanish, Cuban, Filipino forces • 6,000 American Casualties (3,289 Americans deaths of which approximately 400 died in battle).

  15. Treaty of ParisDecember 10, 1898 • Ends the war, but marked the beginning of America’s colonial age. PROVISIONS: • Spain… • Gave up all rights to Cuba • Teller Amendment: • Platt Amendment. • Gave the West Indies including Puerto Rico • Guam to the United States • Philippines to the United States (for twenty million dollars)

  16. Philippine American War (1899-1902)Up to 200,000 Filipinos killed4,300 Americans

  17. Roosevelt, Empire and Panama • Panama Canal – • 1903 –Columbia wont ratify treaty for canal • President Roosevelt angry… • US supports Panama's separatist movement • Within three days of independence Panama gave the US rights to build and control the Panama Canal.

  18. Taft & Dollar Diplomacy • New foreign policy • Dollar Diplomacy –US capital investment in foreign nations thus expanding US policy interests • GOAL? Make the US a commercial and financial world power. • HOW? Protected American businesses as they expanded investment and trade • WHY? US can expand into foreign nations without the use of military force

  19. Wilsonianism • Wilson had an idealistic internationalism • Called for the US to fight for and to spread democracy

  20. America Becomes an Empire

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