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Spanish American War

Explore the causes, leaders, and significant events of the Spanish American War, including imperialism, social Darwinism, yellow journalism, and key figures like McKinley, Roosevelt, and Dewey.

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Spanish American War

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  1. Spanish American War

  2. Overview • Causes • Leaders • Timeline-Events • Maps • Cartoons • Evaluation

  3. Causes of Spanish American War • Imperialism • Social Darwinism • Yellow Journalism • Militarism • Industrial Revolution • World Power (land)

  4. Imperialism The policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political control over other nations

  5. Social Darwinism • The application of Darwinism to the study of human society, specifically a theory in sociology that individuals or groups achieve advantage over others as the result of genetic or biological superiority.

  6. Yellow Journalism • Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers.

  7. Militarism 1.Glorification of the ideals of a professional military class 2. A policy in which military preparedness is of primary importance to a state

  8. Industrial Revolution • The complex of radical socioeconomic changes, such as the ones that took place in England in the late 18th century, that are brought about when extensive mechanization of production systems results in a shift from home-based hand manufacturing to large-scale factory production

  9. World Power • Need for new markets to sell goods • More land to get raw materials • Keep up with European Powers • Goals of leadership

  10. Remember the Maine To Hell with Spain • At 9:40pm on February 15, 1898, the battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded in Havana Harbor • 268 men were killed, shocking the American population • What or who caused this explosion?

  11. Waiting for the Facts • Who is waiting? • Why should we wait for the “facts”? • Why might the United States want to go to war? • What positive effects or outcomes could come from a war with Spain?

  12. Leaders • William McKinley • Theodore Roosevelt • George Dewey • William Randolph Hearst • General Weyler “The Butcher • Emilio Aguinaldo

  13. William McKinley, Jr. (1843-1901) • 25th President • Wanted to avoid war in Cuba • Yellow journalism and public supported war • In April 1898, President McKinley abandoned his failed diplomatic efforts and asked Congress for permission to intervene in Cuba.

  14. Theodore Roosevelt Assistant Secretary of the Navy. • “I should welcome almost any war, for I think this country needs one” • First Volunteer Cavalry, nicknamed the "Rough Riders”.

  15. Commodore George Dewey • May 1, 1899— Commodore Dewey and his Asiatic Squadron defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay • During and after the war, George Dewey became one of the war's most celebrated heroes

  16. William Randolph Hearst • Newspaper publisher and leading example of yellow journalism • New York Journal started a public hysteria for war with Spain by publishing incendiary articles and illustrations • Hearst once said "You provide the pictures and I'll provide the war."

  17. General Weyler “The Butcher” • In 1896, the Spanish sent "The Butcher," to Cuba • To prevent the insurrectos • Weyler built concentration camps in which he imprisoned a large portion of the population • Under the harsh and unsanitary conditions in the concentration camps, • Cuban prisoners died rapidly, especially from disease

  18. Emilio Aguinaldo • The Philippines' revolutionary leader • Fought first against Spanish imperialism • After the end of the Spanish- American War, fought against American

  19. Events-Timeline • 1895: Cuban nationalists revolt against Spanish rule • 1896: Spanish General Weyler (the "Butcher") comes to Cuba. • 1897: Spain recalls Weyler • Early 1898: USS Maine sent to Cuba • February 9, 1898: Hearst publishes Dupuy du Lome's letter insulting McKinley.

  20. Sensational Journalism or Yellow JournalismActivity • Screaming newspaper headlines about the situation in Cuba in the 1890s helped fan the flames of war by influencing public opinion in the United States.

  21. Spanish Politeness • Who is holding the knife? • Name the ship • Is this an example of Yellow Journalism?

  22. Events-Timeline • February 15, 1898: Sinking of the USS Maine • February 25, 1898: Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt cables Commodore Dewey with plan: attack the Philippines if war with Spain breaks out • April 11, 1898: McKinley approves war with Spain • April 24, 1898: Spain declares war on the US • April 25, 1898: US declares war on Spain

  23. Who is McKinley holding? • Who is being attacked? • What is the message to the public in 1898?

  24. July 1, 1898: San Juan Hill taken by "Rough Riders"

  25. Events-Timeline • May 1, 1898: Battle of Manila Bay (Philippines) • May, 1898: July 1, 1898: San Juan Hill taken by "Rough Riders" • July 3, 1898: Battle of Santiago - Spain's Caribbean fleet destroyed. • July 7, 1898: Hawaii annexed • July 17, 1898: City of Santiago surrenders to General William Shafter • August 12, 1898: Spain signs armistice • August 13, 1898: US troops capture Manila

  26. Events-Timeline • December 10, 1898: Treaty of Paris signed - US annexes Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines. • January 23, 1899: Philippines declares itself an independent republic - Led by Emilio Auginaldo, the self-declared Filipino government fights a guerilla war against the US that lasts longer than the Spanish-American War itself. • February 6, 1899: the Treaty of Paris passes in the Senate • 1900: Foraker Act - Some self-government allowed in Puerto Rico.

  27. Events-Timeline • March 1901: Emilio Auginaldo captured. • 1901: Platt Amendment-Cuban government could not enter any foreign agreement, allows two naval bases in Cuba and U.S can intervene when necessary • 1902: US withdraws from Cuba • 1917: Puerto Ricans given US citizenship

  28. The Spanish-American War (1898):“That Splendid Little War”

  29. Dewey Captures Manila!

  30. Is He To Be a Despot?

  31. William H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the Philippines Great administrator.

  32. Our “Sphere of Influence”

  33. The Treaty of Paris: 1898 Cuba was freed from Spanish rule. Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island ofGuam. The U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for thePhilippines. The U. S. becomesan imperial power!

  34. The American Anti-Imperialist League Founded in 1899. Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie, WilliamJames, and WilliamJennings Bryan amongthe leaders. Campaigned against the annexation of thePhilippines and otheracts of imperialism.

  35. Cuban Independence? Teller Amendment (1898) Platt Amendment (1903) • Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its independence. • The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt. • Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval and coaling station. • Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt. Senator Orville Platt

  36. Quiz-Question’s 1-3 • Who am I? • What was my role in the Spanish American War? • What was the nickname of my voluntary Calvary?

  37. Quiz-Questions 4-6 4. What role did Yellow Journalism play in the war? 5. What ship blew up that sparked the war? 6. Who was the President during the Spanish American War?

  38. Question 7 7. What hill is being taken by T.R and the Rough Riders?

  39. Question 8 8. Who am I? Hint the Admiral in Philippians

  40. Journal Entries • Do you think there is any such thing as a "splendid little war"? What other wars might some people remember as "splendid little" ones? Who might think these wars were not so splendid? Who usually suffers most in a war? Who has to bear the long-term effects of a war? • What responsibilities does the press have in terms of how it reports news stories? What are the short-term benefits of exaggerating or fabricating stories to make exciting headlines? What might be some long-term benefits of adhering to the truth?

  41. Work Cited • Timeline- Sparknotes http://www.sparknotes.com/history/american/spanishamerican/ • Other Web Sites- PBS Movie web site http://www.pbs.org/crucible/ • Small Planets http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/teacher.html#Outline • Pictures http://www.google.com/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&q= • Majority of PPt. http://wars.mrdonn.org/powerpoints/spanish-american.html

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