Red List Assessment of CWRs in Spain. Implications for genetic reserve conservation.

1. Red List Assessment of CWRs in Spain.Implications for genetic reserve conservation. José M. Iriondo and Lori J. De Hond Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

2. Contents • Identification of different scenarios in CWRs • Assessment of case studies • Implications for genetic reserve conservation

3. Identification of scenarios • Narrow distribution with few small populations • Thymus herba-barona subsp. bivalens • Vicia bifoliolata • Erodium paularense • Antirrhinum microphyllum • Continental distribution with declining scattered small populations: • Cypripedium calceolus

4. Identification of scenarios • Regional distribution with many populations: • Lupinus albus • Lupinus angustifolius • Lupinus consentinii • Lupinus hispanicus • Lupinus luteus • Lupinus micranthus

5. Narrow distribution with few small populations • Vicia bifoliolata Thymus herba-barona subsp. bivalens Erodium paularense Antirrhinum microphyllum

6. Narrow distribution with few small populations • Included in Berne Convention and EU Species and Habitats Directive. • Included in the Spanish Catalog of Endangered Species. • Included in the Atlas and Red Book of Vascular Plants of Spain (2003).

7. Thymus herba-barona subsp. bivalens • Critically Endangered (CR) • B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v); C2a(ii) • B1. Extent of occurrence < 100 km2; • B2. Area of occupancy < 10 km2 • a) severely fragmented; • b(iii,v) continuing decline in area, extent and/or quality of habitat and number of mature indiv. • C2. Population size < 250 mature individuals and continuing decline in no. of mature individuals • a (ii) population structure with at least 90% mature individuals in one subpopulation.

8. Vicia bifoliolata • Critically Endangered (CR) • B1ac(iv): • B1. Extent of occurrence < 100 km2; • a) severely fragmented; • c(iv) extreme fluctuation in the no. of mature indiv. • B2ac(iv): • B2. Area of occupancy < 10 km2 • a) severely fragmented • c(iv) extreme fluctuation in the no. of mature indiv.

9. Narrow distribution with few small populations • Erodium paularense:(EN) B2ab(v) • Antirrhinum microphyllum: (VU) D2

10. Narrow distribution with few small populations • Conservation actions: • Species recovery plans • Thymus herba-barona subsp. bivalens (D) • Vicia bifoliolata (D) • Erodium paularense (D, L, I) • Antirrhinum microphyllum (D, L)

11. Narrow distribution with few small populations • Conservation actions: • “Genetic reserves”: • Vicia bifoliolata: “s’Albufera a la Mola” Natural Area of Special Interest. • Erodium paularense: “La Miñosa” microreserve • Demographic monitoring: • Thymus herba-barona subsp. bivalens • Erodium paularense • Genetic diversity assessments: • Erodium paularense • Antirrhinum microphyllum

12. Continental distribution with declining scattered small populations • Cypripedium calceolus

13. Continental distribution with declining scattered small populations • Included in Berne Convention and EU Species and Habitats Directive. • Included in the Spanish Catalog of Endangered Species. • Included in the Atlas and Red Book of Vascular Plants of Spain (2003).

14. Cypripedium calceolus • Global: Vulnerable (VU) • A: Reduction in population size • Spain: Endangered (EN) • C1 • C: Population size estimated to number fewer than 2500 mature individuals • 1: An estimated continuing decline of at least 20% within five years or two generations, whichever is longer.

15. Continental distribution with declining scattered small populations • Cypripedium calceolus: Conservation actions: • Species recovery plan (D, L, I) • “Genetic reserves”: • Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park • Sites of Community Interest • Demographic monitoring: Yes • Genetic diversity assessment: Yes

16. Cypripedium calceolus

17. Cypripedium calceolus

18. 0 5 1 9 0 0 1 9 1 2 5 7 0 3 4 6 0 3 1 6 0 0 4 4 L. angustifolius L. albus L. consentinii L. hispanicus L. luteus L. micranthus Regional distribution with many populations Records

19. Regional distribution with many populations • Not included in Berne Convention and EU Species and Habitats Directive. • Not included in the Spanish Catalog of Endangered Species. • Not included in the Atlas and Red Book of Vascular Plants of Spain (2003), nor in the Red List of Spanish Vascular Flora (2000).

20. Regional distribution with many populations • Lupinus albus: Least Concern (LC) • Lupinus angustifolius: Least Concern (LC) • Lupinus consentinii: Near Threatened (NT) • Lupinus hispanicus: Least Concern (LC) • Lupinus luteus: Least Concern (LC) • Lupinus micranthus: Least Concern (LC)

21. Regional distribution with many populations • Conservation actions: • Species recovery plans: none • Genetic reserves: none • Demographic monitoring: none • Genetic diversity assessment: some

22. L. albus L. angustifolius L. consentinii L. hispanicus L. luteus L. micranthus

23. Implications in genetic reserve conservation • Narrow distribution with few small populations • Most endangered • Being studied and actively conserved by environmental protection agencies: • included in Red Lists and legislation of protected species • development of species recovery plans • designation of “genetic reserves” • They are prioritary but attention and care is already being paid to them. • Action: Better to get in contact with environmental protection agencies

24. Implications in genetic reserve conservation • Continental distribution few scattered small populations • Various degrees of threat under IUCN criteria at national level • Various degrees of interest from environmental protection agencies • The establishment of a network of genetic reserves requires international coordination that trascends single or neighbouring countries (greater difficulties)

25. Implications in genetic reserve conservation • Regional distribution many populations • Non-threatened under IUCN criteria • Forgotten or neglected by environmental protection agencies • Nevertheless subject to important decline and genetic erosion • Most amenable to be integrated in a network of genetic reserves in protected areas. • Prioritary action is needed.