PSYCH 105

1. JEOPARDY PSYCH 105 EXAM 3

2. 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500 UNVEILING THE TRUTH BREAKING THROUGH THE BREAKTHROUGH MYTH BLUEPRINTS FOR CONSTRUCTING PSYCHOLOGY ADVANCED SCHOOLING MAJORING IN PSYCHOLOGY

3. Unveiling the Truth100 What are 5 characteristics of the Scientific Method? • Maintain personal objectivity • Be open-minded • Question everything and everyone • Don’t oversimplify • Be open to error

4. Unveiling the Truth200 True or False: Ideally, as a researcher you should never admit your mistakes because you want your work to be published. FALSE! Mistakes in Psychology are a benefit to research because they narrow down the possibilities for “truth.”

5. Unveiling the Truth300 According to the notes, which type of testing is based on “judgments about truth based on observation and examination of the world?” Empirical Testing

6. Unveiling the Truth400 ____ uses a planned order of testing to rule out competing explanations. (HINT: This method is similar to the game “20 questions” and the activity we did in class). Systematic Testing

7. Unveiling the Truth500 Give some examples of biases we use maintain our personal beliefs. • The Just World Hypothesis • The Fundamental Attribution Error • The Self-Serving Bias

8. Breaking Through….100 True or False? The Scientific Breakthrough Myth is the false belief that the “breakthroughs” result when small ideas grow into bigger ones. In other words, that science is a slow and steady process. FALSE. Science IS a slow process that is created by building smaller ideas into bigger ones. The Scientific Breakthrough Myth occurs when people assume that huge discoveries happen in science on a quick and regular basis.

9. Breaking Through….200 Explain why there is value in diverging evidence. • Diverging evidence encourages us to: • Question the accuracy of theories • Revise theories to provide a better explanation for the pattern of new and old empirical results.

10. Breaking Through….300 Publicizing scientific results promotes ___. 1) Replication and convergence 2) Debate and quality control 3) Public focus 4) Faster progress

11. Breaking Through….400 Is the following statement a definition for a theory or a definition for the Principle of Falsifiability?: “Scientific ideas must predict an expected pattern of empirical results” This is a definition for the Principle of Falsifiability. The definition for a theory is: The EXPLANATION for a pattern of CHANGES

12. Breaking Through….500 With respect to the Principle of Connectivity, why can’t the theory of ESP be considered scientific? The Principle of Connectivity suggests that “scientific ideas must be connected to the real world through empirical studies.” Researchers have been unable to find scientific evidence that suggests ESP exists.

13. Blueprints….100 Name the two general methods used for operationalizing constructs with observations. 1.) Naturalistic Observation - Useful for observing lots of people in a natural environment 2.) Case Studies- Useful for observing the same person/group overtime

14. Blueprints….200 What are the advantages of operationalizing constructs with observations. • Advantages: • Good for hypothesis generation • Great for rare phenomena • Easy to collect data about behaviors • Good for learning about a single case or individual

15. Blueprints….300 Fran tests his brother’s like by with a guessing task (e.g., what number am I thinking about). In class, we discussed 5 ways to operationalize constructs. Which one is Fran using? Task performance

16. Blueprints….400 According to the notes, what do Psychological tests actually test? • The two categories that are best operationalized using psychological tests include: • 1.) Physical limits, abilities, and behaviors • Physical tests (EX: firefighter tasks) • Psychomotor tests (EX: typing, hand eye coordination, voluntary muscle control) • 2.)Mental limits, abilities, and characteristics • Cognitive tests (EX: problem solving tests, memory tests) • Personality tests (EX: MMPI, Integrity tests, Inkblot/TAT)

17. Blueprints….500 Operationalizing with Physiological Measures is good for learning about the brain and body, but less helpful in evaluating _____. Behavior and Thinking

18. Advanced Schooling100 Why is the masters degree more popular than the doctoral degree? • It’s usually practice oriented • It takes less time (2-3 years vs. 6-8 years) • Less $$ (less salary lost while attending) • Offered in more geographical areas

19. Advanced Schooling 200 True or False? Occupational therapists work with companies to make sure employees are satisfied with their jobs. FALSE!! This is the job of an I.O. psychologist. An occupational therapist works with clients in order to improve their every day functioning.

20. Advanced Schooling 300 True or False? Programs using the Scientist-Practitioner model is the only one that teaches students to conduct therapy. FALSE!! Programs using the Professional Psychologist-Practitioner model do too.

21. Advanced Schooling 400 What do you need to do to become a practicing psychologist. • Earn a PhD/PsyD • Go to grad School for 5-7 years • Complete an internship

22. Advanced Schooling 500 Students who go to a program based on the Research-Scientist model are usually interested in what type of career? A career in academia (teaching or research)

23. Majoring…100 How are psychology and the social sciences related? Both share an interest in societies, groups, social influences, social identities, and social power.

24. Majoring….200 Name two ways that psychology and the natural sciences are different. • Psychology includes: • 1.) Personality • 2.) Thinking/the mind • 3.) Social influences, groups, etc. • 4.) Measuring constructs (abstract concepts such as love and happiness)

25. Majoring….300 Name two reasons why Psychology is not a Humanity Psychology: 1.) involves scientific goals and methods 2.) is interested in brain processes 3.) is interested in non-humans

26. Majoring….400 Why do some people mistake Psychology for a Humanity? 1.) Both psychology and the humanities share a focus on human thought, culture, and human experience 2.) Psychology grew from Philosophy and Religion (which are often classified as Humanities)

27. Majoring….500 True or False? An aligned student is more ambitious than a misaligned student. • False. While misaligned students have limited knowledge about: • Desired occupation • School’s educational requirements • Helpful educational opportunities for desired occupation • Future demand for people in desired occupation • they are equally ambitious.