Chemistry

1. Chemistry

2. Properties of Matter 2.1 • Bamboo has properties that make it a good choice for use in chopsticks. It has no noticeable odor or taste. It is hard, yet easy to split, and it is heat resistant. You will learn how properties can be used to classify and identify matter.

3. 2.1 Describing Matter • Describing Matter • How can properties used to describe matter be classified?

4. 2.1 Describing Matter • Properties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive or intensive.

5. 2.1 Describing Matter • Extensive Properties • The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains. • The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object. • An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample.

6. 2.1 Describing Matter • Intensive Properties • An intensive property is a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter. The hardness of a bowling ball is an example of an intensive property.

7. 2.1 Identifying Substances • Identifying Substances • Why do all samples of a substance have the same intensive properties?

8. 2.1 Identifying Substances • Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance. These kettles are mainly copper. Copper is an example of a substance.

9. 2.1 Identifying Substances • This sculpture of a falcon is made of gold. Gold is an example of a substance.

10. 2.1 Identifying Substances • Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition.

11. 2.1 Identifying Substances • A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition. • Hardness, color, conductivity, and malleability are examples of physical properties.

12. 2.1 Identifying Substances

13. 2.1 States of Matter • States of Matter • What are three states of matter?

14. 2.1 States of Matter • Three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

15. 2.1 States of Matter • Solids • A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.

16. 2.1 States of Matter • Liquid • A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume.

17. 2.1 States of Matter • Gases • A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container.

18. States of Matter • Animation 1 • Relate the states of matter to the arrangements of their particles.

19. 2.1 States of Matter • Vapor describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature, as in water vapor.

20. 2.1 Physical Changes • Physical Changes • How can physical changes be classified?

21. 2.1 Physical Changes • During a physical change, some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change. • As gallium melts in a person’s hand, the shape of the sample changes, but the composition of the material does not change.

22. 2.1 Physical Changes • Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible. • All physical changes that involve a change from one state to another are reversible. • Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking an egg are examples of irreversible physical changes.

23. 2.1 Section Quiz. • 2.1.

24. 2.1 Section Quiz. • 1. Which of the following would be described as an extensive property of matter? • temperature • color • mass • hardness

25. 2.1 Section Quiz. • 2. Which properties can be observed without changing the composition of a substance? • all properties of a substance • intensive properties • chemical properties • physical properties

26. 2.1 Section Quiz. • 3. Match the states of matter with the following descriptions: • (1) takes the volume and shape of its container • (2) has a definite shape and volume • (3) has a definite volume but an indefinite shape • (1) liquid, (2) solid and (3) gas • (1) gas, (2) solid, and (3) liquid • (1) gas, (2) liquid, and (3) solid

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