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Autotrophic Nutrition

Autotrophic Nutrition. Living Things Making Their Own Food. All Living Things Require Nutrition. Nutrition is …. Means of acquiring and using raw materials needed for Life Processes Two Categories of Nutrition: Heterotrophic Autotrophic.

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Autotrophic Nutrition

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  1. Autotrophic Nutrition Living Things Making Their Own Food

  2. All Living Things Require Nutrition • Nutrition is …. Means of acquiring and using raw materials needed for LifeProcesses • Two Categories of Nutrition: • Heterotrophic • Autotrophic • Heterotrophic Nutrition “Eating Others” • Ingesting food (taking-in other living things) • Herbivores, Omnivores, Carnivores, Saprophytes • Autotrophic Nutrition “Self-Feeding” • Make their own food • Chemotrophs • Phototrophs

  3. Ancient Autotrophs:Chemotrophs • Chemotrophs Use Energy produced during Chemical Reactions to change inorganic molecules into Organic Molecules Chemotrophs (Bacteria) are the most ancient life forms on earth; they are extremely important to the recycling of organic matter in food webs

  4. Other Autotrophs Protist • Phototrophs absorb • Light energy to change inorganic molecules into Organic Nutrients • Some Bacteria • Green Algae (Protists) • Green Plants Algae

  5. Light : part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum we can SEE • Made up of particles called photons. • Travel in waves, having different lengths • The energy a wave has depends on its length • The shorter the wave’s length; the greaterits energy (indirect) • Each wavelength is seenas a different color

  6. Visible Light Spectrum appears white • “white light” is really a mixture of different coloredwaves of electromagnetic energy Longest Shortest ROYGBIV

  7. Chlorophyll: Green Pigment • Give green plantsand algae their Color • DominantPlant Pigment • Absorbs Red and Blue Wavelengths • Reflects Green and Yellow Wavelengths • Plants appear green because they reflectthe green wavelength • Chlorophyll (a & b)are the light absorbing pigments of photosynthesis • Carotenoids other plant pigments

  8. Pigments and Photosynthesis • Absorption Spectrum How do we “read” this kind of graph? Hint: The “peaks” are wavelength colors absorbed by the pigment; the ones used for photosynthesis The Blue-violet colored wavelength Red colored wavelengths

  9. Chloroplasts: "food factory Organelles” • Chloroplasts Chloroplasts contain the Green Chlorophyll Pigment

  10. Chloroplasts contained in plant/algae cells Photosynthetic algae have chloroplasts

  11. Leaves: Nature’s “Solar Collectors” • Leaves are adaptations for photosynthesis • Collect maximum amount of Sunlight • Cells containchloroplasts • Can regulate water and gases entering and leaving Leaf Cross-section

  12. Photosynthesis“to make with light” Light Energy • __CO2 +__ H2O -------------C6H12O6 +__O2 6 6 6 Chlorophyll Carbon Dioxide Water Glucose Oxygen

  13. Guard Cells Regulate Gases Entering and Leaving Leaves • Guard cells change stoma openings Guard cells located underside of leaf

  14. Guard Cells • Guard cells respond to wateravailable to the plant Guard cell Guard cell Stoma opening

  15. Function of Guard Cells Guard cells Guard cells CO2 Inner cell wall Inner cell wall Stoma O2 Stoma Open Stoma Closed When water is plentiful stoma Opens to allow Carbon dioxide To enter and Oxygen to leave When conditions are dry & Water is scarce, stoma close To conserve water

  16. Water Movement in Plants Excess Water Leaves through leaf Stoma Water Enters through Roots

  17. Photosynthesis and Chloroplast Light Energy Stroma Grana Chloroplast CO2 + H2O Sugars + O2 (Glucose)

  18. CO2 Light Sugars O2 Stages of Photosynthesis (1st) Light-dependent Reactions occur in grana Chloroplast NADP+ Chloroplast ADP + P (2nd) Light-independent Can happen in light Or Dark Light- Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle ATP NADPH :

  19. Light Dependent: Photolysis Occurs in Grana Chlorophyll absorbs light energy; gets really excited Water molecule splits into H and O2; the O2 enters atmosphere, the H is picked-up by NADP NADPH2 ADP + P ATP Light-Independent Calvin Cycle (“carbon fixing”) Occurs in Stroma NADPH2 + CO2 + ATP Photosynthesis:Two Stages Glucose C6H12O6

  20. Carbon-Fixation or The Calvin Cycle in “detail” CO2 Enters the Cycle Energy Input ChloropIast 5-Carbon Molecules Regenerated The CO2 entering joins With the Hydrogens to Sugar molecules 6-Carbon Sugar Produced Sugars and other compounds :

  21. Light- dependent reactions Calvin cycle Energy from sunlight Thylakoid membranes ATP Stroma NADPH High-energy sugars ATP NADPH O2 Chloroplasts Concept Map Section 8-3 Photosynthesis includes takes place in uses use take place in to produce to produce of Go to Section:

  22. Limiting Factors Affecting Photosynthesis • Amount of Light • Greater the duration and intensity; greater the rate of photosynthesis • Will reach maximum then levels off • Temperature • Extreme High or Low temperatures destroy the enzymes needed for photosynthesis • Amount of Water • Photosynthesis requires water; less water will decrease photosynthesis • Carbon dioxide • Not a limiting factor for land plants • Is a limiting factor for aquatic plants Other limiting factors are soil minerals, Magnesium found in chlorophyll molecule

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