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Second Industrial Revolution: la belle époque

Second Industrial Revolution: la belle époque. European History. Image page 652. Science Triumphs: “Second” IR. SIGNIFICANCE: 1) Impact of ideas and products wide spread 2) Optimism in human progress 3) Science = only way to truth New Products Steel Chemicals Electricity Petroleum.

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Second Industrial Revolution: la belle époque

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  1. Second Industrial Revolution: la belle époque European History

  2. Image page 652

  3. Science Triumphs: “Second” IR • SIGNIFICANCE: • 1) Impact of ideas and products wide spread • 2) Optimism in human progress • 3) Science = only way to truth • New Products • Steel • Chemicals • Electricity • Petroleum

  4. Steel • = lighter, smaller, faster machines, engines, ships, railways, and weapons • By 1910 America = #1 producer, Germany #2, GB #3

  5. Chemicals • France & Germany in lead • Alkalies & artificial dyes revolutionize soap, textile, paper industries • Photographic plates and film • Chemical fertilizers

  6. Electricity • Thermodynamics • Sig: impacts heat, light, motion & communication • Michael Faraday – electromagnetism (electric engine) • Thomas Edison (AM) & Joseph Swan (GB) - electric lighting • Alexander Graham Bell (AM) – telephone, 1876 • Guglielmo Marconi – radio waves across Atlantic, 1901 • Electric Streetcar – Berlin, 1879 • Factories – conveyor belts, cranes, machines

  7. Petroleum • Internal combustion engine, 1878 (gas & air) • Gottlieb Daimler, 1886 – light engine • Automobile – 1900=9000 cars; 1916=750,000 • Henry Ford (AM) & mass production • 1900 Zeppelin airship • 1903 Wright Brothers • WWI = boom in aircraft industry • 1919 = 1st commercial aircraft

  8. New Markets • Increase in population growth • Increase in wages (up 2/3) • Decrease in price of food and manufactured products • Gives rise to mass marketing & department stores (pg. 654) Macy’s, NYC 1908 Bon Marche, Paris 1867

  9. Tariffs & Cartels (pg. 653) • Protective tariffs: What & why? • Cartels: What & why?

  10. Larger Factories • Cartels = need for larger, more efficient factories (1000+ employees) • Germany 205,000 (1882) to 879,000 (1907) • Also GB, France & Belgium • Streamline production – use of electric machines, precision tools & assembly line

  11. Industrial Leadership • GB passes the Industrial baton to _____________? • Why? (pg. 654-655)

  12. Economic Zones by 1900 • Industrialized Zone = GB, Belgium, Germany, France, Netherlands, Austro-Hungarian Empire (West), Italy (North) • High standard of living, education, healthier, system of transportation • Agricultural Zone = Italy (south), Austro-Hungarian Empire (East), Spain, Portugal, Balkan kingdoms, Russia • Providers of raw materials and food • Decline in price of food makes farming difficult – large farms develop • By 1870 Russia and Japan begin industrialization • World economy = interdependency of goods & products

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