Industrial Revolution

1. Industrial Revolution

2. What is the Industrial Revolution? • The Industrial Revolution refers to the shift from agricultural production (farming) to industrial production (manufacturing) that originated in Great Britain and spread to the United States and much of Europe.

3. Why England? • Large deposits of coal • Large colonial empire that supplied England with raw materials • Most powerful navy in the world that protected the trade ships • Powerful middle class

4. Causes of the Industrial Revolution • James Watts invented the Steam Engine in 1769 • Steam Engine powered many machines at once • Steam Engines allowed factories to be created, leading to the production of more goods than ever before

5. James Watt Watt’s Workshop James Watt

6. Changes to England and the World • With the creation of factories many workers were needed to work the machines and mass produce goods. • With jobs available in the cities many people moved from the countryside and into the cities. • Populations of cities rose

7. Urbanization • Urbanization: Population shifting from rural (countryside) to urban areas (cities) • Great Britain’s urbanization happened in areas such as Manchester and London. These areas had large amounts of natural resources and therefore factories!

8. Effects of the Industrial Revolution • Global Trade Increased due to the fact nations needed materials to make goods in their factories. Also Global Trade Increased because nations wanted to sell their products and make money!

9. Working Conditions • Working Conditions in the factories were poor and pay was low. • Often times children were forced to work in unsafe conditions because their small bodies could fit inside the machines to fix them when they broke. • Charles Dickens wrote about the conditions of factories in many of his novels.

10. Queen Victoria • Great Britain during this time period created an empire the sun never set upon. Part of the reason Great Britain expanded was to get materials to make products in their factories. Queen Victoria ruled much of this time period. It is also called the Victorian Age.

11. Effects of the Industrial Revolution • Railroads were created to transport goods back and forth. • The first railroads were created in the United Kingdom to help with the transportation of goods and people during the 1830’s. • Railroads would spread throughout the Industrial Revolution to become the fastest way to travel both in Great Britain and around the world.

12. Steam Railroad Engine

13. Manchester-Liverpool Railway

14. Entrepreneurs invested in factories and ultimately became wealthy

15. Causes • Industrial Revolution took off in England due to the large amounts of coal and iron. • James Watts invented the steam engine in 1769. • Steam Engine powered many machines at onceand allowed factories to have a constant supply of power • Factories could operate 24 hrs. a day and produce more goods

16. Effects • Global Trade Increased • Factories needed people to work in them so people moved to cities for jobs. • Urbanization: Population shifting from rural (countryside) to urban areas (cities) • Working Conditions in the factories were poor and pay was low. children were forced to work. • Railroads were created to transport goods back and forth.

17. James Hargreaves • James Hargreaves invented the “Spinning Jenny” in 1763. • Spinning Jenny used large amounts of cotton to create larger amounts of thread and cloth.

18. Eli Whitney • Eli Whitney created the “Cotton Gin” in 1793. • Invention helped easily separate cotton from its seeds, cleaning the cotton and making it quickly available. • Cotton production in the American south increased

19. Robert Fulton • Fulton invented the first Steamboat in 1807. • Steamboat created a faster way for people to travel and ship goods.

20. Samuel Morse • Samuel Morse helped create the telegraph in 1837 and developed Morse Code • Morse Code helped make communication much faster via the use of electronics and wires.

21. Henry Bessemer • In 1854 Henry Bessemer invented his “Bessemer Process” which helped mass produce steel from iron.

22. Louis Pasteur • Louis Pasteur helped create Pasteurization which heated up milk in order to kill germs that make people sick without spoiling the milk in 1864. • Pasteur also created a rabies vaccine

23. Alexander Graham Bell • In 1876 Bell invented the telephone with the first words being, “Mr. Watson, come here!”

24. Thomas Edison • Edison developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb in 1879.

25. Pierre and Marie Curie • The Curie’s discovered radium in 1898. • Radium is radioactive material that is used for such items as X-Rays. Their discovery of radium would eventually lead to humans creating the atomic bomb • Marie died of radiation poisoning

26. 1763: James Hargreaves invents Spinning Jenny • 1769: James Watts invents Steam Engine • 1793: Eli Whitney invents Cotton Gin • 1807: Robert Fulton invents Steamboat • 1837: Samuel Morse invents telegraph and Morse Code • 1854: Henry Bessemer invents the Bessemer Process • 1864: Louis Pasteur creates the “Pasteurization” Process • 1876: Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone • 1879: Thomas Edison invents a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb • 1898: Pierre and Marie Curie discover the element Radium