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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION DRASTICALLY CHANGES SOCIETY :

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION DRASTICALLY CHANGES SOCIETY :. Cities grow 2 new social classes emerge Industrial middle class Industrial working class. CITIES: POPULATION AND URBAN GROWTH:. European population: 1750 --- 140 million 1850 --- 266 million Why the increase? Death rates decline

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION DRASTICALLY CHANGES SOCIETY :

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  1. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION DRASTICALLY CHANGES SOCIETY: • Cities grow • 2 new social classes emerge • Industrial middle class • Industrial working class

  2. CITIES: POPULATION AND URBAN GROWTH: • European population: • 1750 --- 140 million • 1850 --- 266 million • Why the increase? • Death rates decline • Better fed people are more resistant to disease

  3. INDUSTRIALIZATION SPURRED URBANIZATION-----LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE MIGRATE TO CITIES TO WORK IN FACTORIES • INDUSTRIAL MIDDLE CLASS • New middle class group • People who built the factories, bought machines and developed the markets • INDUSTRIAL WORKING CLASS • Faced wretched working conditions • Working conditions 12-16 hr day, 6 days a week • No security of employment, no minimum wage

  4. WORKING CONDITIONS • Whole families worked; several family members needed to work to stay alive • Children 9 and up worked legally • Orphans – work for food and bed (straw beds) • Coals Mines • Men dug out the coal --- led to cave ins, explosions, gas fumes • Deformed bodies (cramped conditions) • Ruined lungs (due to dampness of the mines) • Life expectancy 10 years less than those not working in the mines • Cotton Mills • Dirty, dusty, dangerous and unhealthy • Locked in for the work day (summer and winter)

  5. FACTORY ACT OF 1833 • Law that made it illegal to hire children under 9; children 9-13 not permitted to work more than 8 hrs per day; children 14-18 not more than 12 hrs • Effects of the law: • Child labor limited • Women reduced to 50% of the workforce • Women paid half or less than ½ of what men were paid • When the hours of children and women were limited a new pattern of work appeared: • Men earned most of the money by working outside the home • Women took over daily care of family and performed low paying jobs that could be done in the home

  6. LIVING CONDITIONS FOR CITY DWELLERS: • Cities grew but there was no plan for the growth • Streets • narrow and full of garbage and human waste • Unpaved • No drainage or sewage • Building black from soot • Families lived in 1-2 rooms • Lots of disease --- cholera • Malnutrition common • Animals roam the city • Rivers filled with waste

  7. With such poor conditions in the city why did people keep moving there? • Country life was harsh • Factory worker could get regular wages

  8. EARLY SOCIALISM • Transition to factory work was not easy • Family life disrupted • Separation from the countryside • Working hours long • Pay was low

  9. Reformers advocate socialism (society (in the form of a government) owns and controls some means of production such as factories and utilities • Socialists believed that public ownership of the means of production would allow wealth to be more evenly distributed

  10. WHAT ROLE DID GOVERNMENT PLAY IN BUSINESS AT THIS TIME? • Laissez Faire – the government will maintain law and order, but will stay out of the economy and social problems

  11. HOW DID ENGLANDS’ INDUSTRILIZATION PROBLEMS COMPARE WITH THOSE OF OTHER COUNTRIES? • England’s problems were the worst and other countries learned from their mistakes

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