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Acid Base Reactions

Acid Base Reactions. Acids Rxns with Metals. Active metals. Acids will react with active metals to produce hydrogen gas H 2(g) Reference table J Active metals are all metals above H 2. Mg + 2HCl H 2 + MgCl 2. Mg + HCl. Zn + 2HCl H 2 + ZnCl 2. Zn + HCl. Al + HCl.

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Acid Base Reactions

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  1. Acid Base Reactions

  2. Acids Rxns with Metals

  3. Active metals • Acids will react with active metals to produce hydrogen gas • H2(g) • Reference table J • Active metals are all metals above H2

  4. Mg + 2HCl H2 + MgCl2 Mg + HCl Zn + 2HCl H2 + ZnCl2 Zn + HCl Al + HCl 2Al + 6HCl 3H2 + 2AlCl3 Write the balanced equation for the reaction that occurs between

  5. What Type of Reaction is this? Single Replacement Reactions

  6. Self ionization of water H2O + H2O H3O+ + OH- Because water ionizes (only slightly) into equal concentrations of hydronium ions (+) and hydroxide ions (-) it is considered a neutral substance.

  7. HCl + H2O H3PO4 +3H2O H2SO4 + 2H2O CH3COOH + H2O Ionization of Acids in Water H3O+(aq)+ Cl-(aq) 3H3O+(aq)+ PO4-3(aq) 2H3O+(aq)+ SO4-2(aq) H3O+(aq)+ CH3COO-(aq)

  8. NaOH NaOH Na+ + OH - Metal ion NH4OH NH4OH NH4+ + OH - Polyatomic Ion Base Ionization in Water

  9. Sodium ion is attracted to the negative end of water • Hydroxide attracted to the positive hydrogen end. OH- Na+

  10. Neutralization reactions Despite heavy fire, McAllister’s aim was true, and his carefully measured hydrochloric acid found its mark in the enemy’s reservoir of sodium hydroxide McAllister grinned, one of the enemy’s strongest bases had finally been neutralized

  11. Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide ? HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOH Neutralization Polyatomic ion

  12. HCl + NaOH NaCl + HOH ACID + BASE SALT + WATER general The products of a neutralization reaction are . . . . Complete neutralization occurs when The acid and the base are 1:1

  13. Sulfuric Acid + ammonium hydroxide Lithium hydroxide + nitric acid Magnesium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid Neutralization Reactions Phosphoric acid + sodium hydroxide

  14. Net ionic equation: H+ + OH- HOH Complete neutralization . . . • Occurs when H+ and OH- are added together in a 1:1 molar ratio • saMaVa = sbMbVb • Ma = Molarity of acid Mb = Molarity of base • Va = Volume of acid Vb = Volume of base • sa = subscript of acid sb = subscript of base H3PO4 Mg(OH)2

  15. Titrations • complete neutralization reaction • determine unknown acid Molarity if it is neutralized by an known base Molarity. • In a titration, the complete neutralization of an acid is signaled by a color change of an indicator. • When complete neutralization occurs we say the endpoint has been reached.

  16. Titration / Neutralization practice • 55mL of an 8M HCl solution is completely neutralized by 26mL of LiOH • Write the neutralization reaction. • What is the concentration of base that was used? • What is the net ionic equation? • What are the spectator ions?

  17. THE END

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