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36.1: The Nervous System

Explore how nerve impulses travel and understand major parts of the nervous system. Learn about neurons, synapses, and voluntary versus involuntary responses. Discover the functions of sensory, motor, and interneurons.

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36.1: The Nervous System

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  1. 36.1:The Nervous System Section Objectives: Analyze how nerve impulses travel Interpret the functions of the major parts of the nervous system. Compare voluntary responses and involuntary responses.

  2. How we respond to change • stimulus: a change in the external or internal environment which imitates an impulse • impulse~ an electro-chemical charge generated along a neuron • receptors~ structures specialized to detect certain stimuli • response~ a reaction to a stimulus • effectors~ what responds to a stimulus such as muscles or glands

  3. Neurons: Basic Units of the Nervous System • Neurons conduct impulses throughout the nervous system. • A neuron is a long cell that consists of three regions: a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

  4. Neurons: Basic Units of the Nervous System • Dendrites~ receive impulses and carry them toward the cell body • Axon~ carries impulses away from the cell body and toward other neurons, muscles, or glands. • Cell body~ contains the nucleus

  5. Neurons: Basic Units of the Nervous System 3 Types of neurons. • 1. Sensory neurons: carry impulses from the body to the spinal cord and brain (sense receptors) • 2. Motor neurons carry the response impulses away from the brain and spinal cord to a muscle or gland. (effectors) • 3.Interneurons: connect sensory &motor neurons within the brain and spinal cord

  6. Connections between neurons • Synapse: gap between neurons or neurons and effectors • Neurotransmitter: chemical, such as acetylcholine, which, when secreted aid in the transmission of of an impulse across a synapse.

  7. The Central Nervous System(CNS) • Brain Spinal cord

  8. Peripheral nervous system(PNS) • all the nerves that carry messages to and from the central nervous system Two systems work together Brain (CNS Spinal cord (CNS) Spinal nerves (PNS)

  9. Anatomy of the brain • Cerebrum: • Conscious activities • Intelligence • Memory • Language • Voluntary activity • Cerebellum: -Coordinates motor activity -balance Medulla Oblongata: involuntary activities such as breathing,&heart rate

  10. The Nervous System

  11. SUMMARY OF NERVOUS SYSTEM • http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/11516-the-nervous-system-summary-video.htm 25minutes, 22 seconds.

  12. Nerve Quiz • What makes up the central nervous system? • What makes up the Peripheral Nervous system? • What is an example of a voluntary action? • What is an example of an action that is not voluntary or under conscious control? • What is a neuron? • What are the 3 kinds of neurons? • What is a synapse? • How do nerve impulses travel across a synapse? • What are the 5 senses? • What is a reflex action?

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