Presentation Transcript

1. Triumph of Parliament in England

2. Magna Carta, 1215 King John I forced to accept it. A list of demands made by the nobility. Created a CONTRACT between the king and the aristocracy. Established principles which limited the power of the king: Established basic legal rights. The king must ask for popular consent for taxes. Accused must have jury trial.
3. Model Parliament, 1295 King Edward I brought his military leaders and nobility together as a Parliament to ask their consent to new taxes. Established the principle of parliamentary “power of the purse.” A radical new idea for any monarch to ask for anything!
4. The Tudors- Elizabeth I d. 1603
5. TheEarly Stuarts (1603-1649)
6. The Stuart Monarchy
7. James I 1603-1625 aka James VI of Scotland Wanted absolute power. He quickly alienated a Parliament grown accustomed under the Tudors to act on the premise that monarch and Parliament TOGETHER ruled England as a “balance polity.”
8. James I 1603-1625 He alienated the Puritans by his strong defense of the Anglican Church. Many of England’s gentry [mostly rich landowners below the level of the nobility] became Puritans. These Puritan gentry formed an important and large part of the House of Commons. It was NOT WISE to alienate them!
9. James I 1603-1625 Problems he faced: Large royal debt. He wasn’t English  he didn’t understand English customs [esp. English law!] Believed in Divine Right of Kings. Pro-Catholic sympathies. Clashed with Parliament He raised money without Parliament’s consent!
10. King James Bible, 1611
11. James I's son: Charles I
12. Charles I 1625-1649 Ruled without regard to the rights of the people=Absolute rule More openly pro-Catholic
13. Charles I & Parliament Constantly at war with Spain and France. Always need £, but how to get it?? Usually Parliament would give Charles £ from taxes to fund his wars. Periodically, Parliament would deny funds. In return, Charles would dissolve Parliament and try to rule England without it  find funds in other ways. Forced “loans,” selling aristocratic titles, etc.
14. The Petition of Rights, 1628 In return for money to fund his wars, Charles I agreed: No imprisonment without due cause. No taxation without Parliament’s consent. No putting soldiers in private homes. No martial law during peacetime. Charles signed it, and then ignored it, dissolving Parliament!
15. The “Long” Parliament No Parliament in 20 yrs. Rebellion in Scotland  Charles needs £ £ £ war with France Calls Parliament into session in 1640 In session from 1640 to 1660. Triennial Act passed  Parliament must be called in session at least once every 3 yrs. Parliament can’t be adjourned without its own consent Charles enters the House of Commons to end the session and arrest 5 MPs unsuccessful Charles heads north to form an army! Supporters of the king were the Cavaliers and the opponents were the Roundheads
16. The EnglishCivil War (1642-1649)
17. Civil War (1642-1649) Royalists(Cavaliers) Parliamentarians(Roundheads) House of Lords N & W England Aristocracy Large landowners Church officials More rural House of Commons S & E England Puritans Merchants Townspeople More urban
18. English Civil War: The Battle of Marston Moor
19. Regicide  Beheading of Charles I, 1649 The vote by the Rump Parliament was 68-67.
20. Lord Protector of England: Oliver Cromwell-1649-1658 Led the Roundheadsthat defeated royal forces and now controlled the government(abolishing the monarchy) 1658-Richard Cromwell succeeds his father…for only two years.
21. The Restoration (1660-1688) Parliament could no more exist without the Crown than the Crown without Parliament.This was the most important lesson of the English Civil War!
22. King Charles II 1660-1685 Restored the monarchy and ruled for 25 years. Had charm, poise, & political skills [unlike his father!]. Restored the theaters and reopened the pubs and brothels closed during the Protectorate. Attitude towards Catholics: Favored religious toleration. Had secret Catholic sympathies.
23. The Restoration: Charles II-The King of Bling(1:55 m)
24. His brother: James II (fake baby?!?)
25. King James II 1685-1688 Was a bigoted convert to Catholicism without any of Charles II’s shrewdness or ability to compromise. Openly supported the Catholics. Protestants feared that he would restore the power of the Catholic Church. Attitude toward Catholics: Gave Catholics government jobs.
26. The GloriousRevolution 1688
27. The “Glorious” Revolution: 1688 To avoid the fate of his father, James II sets sail for France. Parliament leaders offered the throne jointly to James II’s daughter Mary [raised a Protestant] & her husband, William of Orange. He was a vigorous enemy of Louis XIV. He was seen as a champion of the Protestant cause.
28. English Bill of Rights 1689 It settled all of the major issues between King & Parliament. It served as a model for the U. S. Bill of Rights. It also formed a base for the steady expansion of civil liberties in the 18c and early 19c in England.
29. English Bill of Rights 1689 Ensured the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy It required the monarch to summon Parliament regularly Gave the House of Commons the “power of the purse” A king or queen could no longer interfere in Parliamentary debates or suspend laws Barred any Roman Catholic from sitting on the throne Restated the traditional rights of citizens: a. Allowed trial by jury b. Affirmed the principle of habeas corpus- no person could be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime c. Abolished cruel and unusual punishment Toleration Act (1689) – granted religious freedom to Puritans, Quakers, and other dissenters, though not yet to Catholics; only members of the Church of England could hold public office
30. English Bill of Rights Limited Monarchy: Ties to America: The power of the king was limited by Parliament. England became a constitutional monarchy.
31. The Seesaw of King & Parliament: 1603-1689