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The Triumph of Parliament in England

Aim: How did the British Parliament assert its rights against royal claims to absolute power in the 1600s?. The Triumph of Parliament in England. Do Now: 1. What successes and failures did Louis XIV experience? 2. Give two examples of how the arts flourished under Louis XIV.

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The Triumph of Parliament in England

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  1. Aim: How did the British Parliament assert its rights against royal claims to absolute power in the 1600s? The Triumph of Parliament in England Do Now: 1. What successes and failures did Louis XIV experience? 2. Give two examples of how the arts flourished under Louis XIV

  2. Do Now Response #1 King Louis xiv Successes King louis xiv failures Dutch and the English created a balance of power to prevent any one country from getting too powerful War of Spanish Succession in 1713 was a failure as the Treaty of Utrecht was signed preventing Spain and France combining Huguenot persecution led to loss of skilled workers • Ruled France for 72 years • France replaced “Renaissance Italy” in culture, manners and custom • France became the richest nation in the world and the model absolute monarchy

  3. Do Now Response #2 • Louis sponsored musical entertainments and plays by the best writers at Versailles • Classical Age of French drama – Jean Racine (wrote tragedies) and Moliere (comedy writer) • French painting, art, music and architecture became the model for all of Europe • Ballet created in French court • Louis XIV was a patron of the arts • French Academies – high standards in art and science

  4. The Tudors and Parliament In France, Louis XIV perfected royal absolutism. In England, however, things would be much different! • How did Tudor monarchs handle Parliament? The Tudor Dynasty ruled England from 1485 to 1603. They believed in divine rightbut also recognized the Parliament. Remember! The Parliament came about after the Magna Carta (1215) which made it clear that the English king must obey the law.

  5. Who were the Tudors? • It was Henry VIII Tudor who broke from the Roman Catholic Church to form the Protestant Church of England (Act of Supremacy approved by the Parliament)

  6. Who were the Tudors? • Henry VIII’s daughter, Queen Elizabeth I (who knighted Francis Drake), also consulted and controlled Parliament (“representative body”)

  7. Why did the Stuarts take over? • When Elizabeth I died, she had no heir. So, the ruling family in Scotland, the Stuarts, took over. Not only were the Stuarts not as popular as the Tudors, they didn’t know how to handle Parliament! King James Stuart I

  8. How did James I challenge Parliament? • Claimed “divine right” and began lecturing the Parliament • Clashed over money (of course) and foreign policy • Constantly in feud with Puritans, Protestants who wanted the Church of England “purified” of Catholic practices such as omitting bishops and fancy services (James hated Puritan “dissenters”)

  9. What positive contribution did King James I have? The King James Bible was a new translated version created in 1611 and has lasted since then.

  10. How did Parliament respond to the Stuarts? • In 1625 a new king inherits the throne…Charles I. He was forced to sign the Petition of Rightwhich prohibited the king from raising the taxes without permission of the Parliament and he could not imprison anyone he wanted (habeas corpus). • Charles I, acting like a typical Stuart, signs the petition then dissolves Parliament in 1629. For 11 years he ignores the Parliament and had his friend Archbishop William Laud force all clergy to follow strict Anglican (English) church rules Laud Charles I

  11. What was the Long Parliament? • The Long Parliament was the nickname given to the Parliament that went off and on from 1640 to 1653. In retaliation to Charles I snobbish ways, Parliament began to try and convict and execute Charles’ chief ministers (best friends…including Laud!). • THEN in 1642 the King Charles leads troops into the House of the Commons to arrest the most radical leaders…they escape out the back window…THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR BEGINS!

  12. How was England different than France? • In France, Louis XIV was able to solidify absolute power. In England, the English Civil War posed a major setback to absolutism in England. • OLIVER CROMWELL dissolves the Long Parliament and leads the revolution. • REVOLUTION defeats ABSOLUTISM in England!

  13. Aim: How did the British Parliament assert its rights against royal claims to absolute power in the 1600s? The Triumph of Parliament in England Part II Do Now: Describe how absolutism was different in England and France in the 17th century.

  14. Who were the Cavaliers and Roundheads? Cavaliers roundheads Supporters of the revolution Made up of country gentry (middle-class), town-living manufacturers, Puritan clergy “Roundheads” because hair was cut close around their heads Lead by Oliver Cromwell 1647 captured the King! • Supporters of King Charles I • Typically wealthy nobles • Expected a quick victory in the English Civil War • Proud of plumed hats and fashionably long hair • Well trained in dueling and warfare

  15. What was the result of the English Civil War? • Oliver Cromwell’s Puritan “New Model Army” fighting for Parliament defeated the Cavaliers at battles such as Marston Moor. In 1647 King Charles I was captured.

  16. Execution of Charles I • What was Charles I accused of by Parliament? Being a tyrant, traitor, murderer, and public enemy….condemned to DEATH! • What was Charles’ declaration before death? “I am a martyr of the people.” He knelt, prayed and signaled the executioner…his head was then severed. What was the result of King Charles’ execution? SHOCKWAVES rolled through Europe. Parliament sent a clear message: no ruler is greater than Parliament and must obey the law!

  17. What was the Commonwealth? • The House of Commons (Lower house of Parliament) after the war abolished the House of Lords (Upper house of Parliament), the monarchy and the Church of England. The Commonwealth was a republic (government where officials are chosen by people). • What challenges did the Commonwealth face? • Supporters of Charles II (uncrowned heir) attacked England through Ireland and Scotland. After this, vicious measures taken against all Irish Catholics (banned to remote parts of western Ireland…anyone disobeying was killed on sight)

  18. What was Puritan society under Commonwealth of Oliver Cromwell? Under the Commonwealth, the English Civil War inspired a political and social revolution as extremely strict Puritan preachers enacted laws imposing a “rule of saints.” What was Puritan society like under the Commonwealth? • Sundays had to be observed or punished • Theaters were closed • No “lewd” dancing, taverns, gambling • Puritans expected everyone to read the Bible (girls also!) • Marriages based on business interests • No Catholics! PRETTY FUN, HUH?

  19. Why did the Commonwealth end? Oliver Cromwell died in 1658. Since most people were tired of this strict, militaristic rule of the Puritans, the Puritans lost their grip on the Commonwealth. In 1660, with a newly elected Parliament, Charles II was invited to return to England after being in exile. • What was the Restoration? The King was literally restored to England…although Puritan ideas of morality, equality, government and education remained!

  20. What happened during and after the Restoration? England celebrated as Charles II, a young and popular monarch, returned and restored theaters, taverns and the Church of England. He had a lively court similar to Louis. After Charles II, his brother James II inherits the throne and starts trouble immediately. He flaunted his Catholicism, suspended laws whenever he wanted and appointed his Catholic friends to high offices. • What was the Glorious Revolution? In 1688 William and Mary (James’ daughter) were invited to become rulers of England and James fled…without a single bullet being shot or anyone being killed. How Glorious, a bloodless overthrow!

  21. How were William and Mary crowned? There was a catch: In order for William and Mary to be crowned, they had to accept the English Bill of Rights. • What did the English Bill of Rights guarantee? • Superiority of Parliament over the monarchy**** • House of Commons the “power of the purse” • Monarch couldn’t interfere with Parliamentary debates • Prevented any Roman Catholic from gaining throne • Restated traditional rights of English citizens, most importantly habeas corpus • Later on, Toleration Act of 1689 (religious toleration, except for Catholics of course!)

  22. What were the effects of the Glorious Revolution? The Glorious Revolution did not create a democracy. It did create a LIMITED MONARCHY, meaning that there is a “constitution (in this case, English Bill of Rights) or legislative body (in this case, Parliament) limiting the monarch’s powers.” Monarchs still had a lot of power buthad to obey the laws and govern with the Parliament. The fact that England had a limited monarchy was about the most radical government for its time, considering how much absolute power other kings had in European nations.

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