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Riverine Cultures & Civilization, 3500 - 2000BCE

Riverine Cultures & Civilization, 3500 - 2000BCE. Emergence of Civilization Control of Civilizations IDs: Gilgamesh, Standard of Ur, Horus. Argument.

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Riverine Cultures & Civilization, 3500 - 2000BCE

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  1. Riverine Cultures & Civilization, 3500 - 2000BCE • Emergence of Civilization • Control of Civilizations IDs: Gilgamesh, Standard of Ur, Horus

  2. Argument In the riverine cultures of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus River and China, civilization was based upon unions of kingship and religion and social hierarchies, in which elite groups controlled surplus production, building programs & writing.

  3. I. Emergence of Civilization A. 7000-3500 BCE: Village agriculture & pastoral nomadism

  4. B. Six “First” Civilizations, 3500-1400 BCE

  5. C. Riverine Cultures (River Valley Civilizations) • Mesopotamia: 3500 BCE (Tigris & Euphrates) • Egypt: 3000 BCE (Nile) • Indus Valley: 3000 BCE (Indus) • China: 2200 BCE (Yellow & Yangzi)

  6. Why there? Old argument – rivers New argument – dense population

  7. D. Characteristics of Civilization1. Cities

  8. City walls & gates Babylon Ishtar Gate

  9. 2. Occupational Specialization

  10. Highly productive agriculture Art Monumental Buildings

  11. 3. Complex Religious & Political Structures

  12. a. Temples and palaces Mesopotamian ziggurat

  13. b. Bureaucracies of Priests & Specialized Officials Writing Mesopotamia: Cuneiform

  14. Egypt: Hieroglyphics & Demotic Script

  15. China: Oracle Bones Divination

  16. 4. Distinct Social Classes & Social Hierarchy Elites Religion (priests) Kingship (kings, nobles) Elites

  17. Mesopotamian Social Hierarchy Kings Priests Officers, Bureaucrats & Specialized Craftsmen (Patricians) Dependent Workers (Plebeians) Slaves

  18. Standard of Ur (2600-2400 BCE)

  19. Egyptian Social Hierarchy Pharaoh Elites: High Priests & Nobles Local Officials, Lesser Priests & Nobles Peasants Slaves

  20. II. Control of Civilizations A. Mesopotamia 1. City-states (political organization)

  21. 2. Union of Religion & KingshipMesopotamian city gods

  22. 3. Divine legitimacy for king’s rule Gilgamesh Enkidu Enlil

  23. 4. Building Programs Babylon Ishtar Gate

  24. 5. Writing Cuneiform Epic of Gilgamesh

  25. Later: States Sargon the Great of Akkad (reigned 2334-2279 BCE)

  26. B. Egypt • Union of Kingship & Religion Osiris Isis Horus dead pharaoh = Osiris live pharaoh = Horus

  27. 2. Divine legitimacy Horus King as shepherd

  28. 3. Building Programs

  29. 4. WritingHieroglyphics & Demotic Script

  30. Argument • In the riverine cultures of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus River and China, civilization was based upon unions of kingship and religion and social hierarchies, in which elite groups controlled surplus production, building programs & writing.

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