Carbon Capture and Storage

1. Carbon Capture and Storage Based on the 4th Clean Coal Symposium held in Regina, October 23-24

2. Outline Coal Use and the CO2 problem Alternative solutions to adverse environmental problem Current Clean Coal Technologies, and their future CCS test projects Conclusions

3. CO2 production Coal for electricity generation is, and will be, a primary energy resource, but we need to focus more effort on lowering its impacts.

4. CCS cost and Scenarios Capture and pressurization ~ $25/tonne CO2 Transportation and Storage ~ $5/tonne CO2

5. CO2 Capture It will increase the electricity price between 40 to 60% Create uncertainty New plant: Post-Combustion, Oxy-fuel or IGCC? Existent Power plant Retrofit for CO2 capture? Post-Combustion or Oxy-fuel? Rebuilt for CO2 capture? Post-Combustion, Oxy-fuel or IGCC?

6. Future context It appears that IGCC with capture technology will win .. but … IGCC availability ~ 70% PC availability ~ 90%

11. IGCC SynGas C + H2O -> CO + H2 H2 + CO -> HxCy + CO2

15. What is GHG emission? • Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ) (Fossil-fuel combustion, Land-use conversion, Cement Production) • Methane (CH4) (Fossil fuel production and combustion, Agriculture, Waste decomposition ) • Nitrous Oxide (NOx) (Fertilizer, Industrial processes, Fossil fuel combustion ) • Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) (Refrigerants) • Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) (Aluminum smelting, Semiconductor manufacturing ) • Sulfur Hexafluoride (SH) (Dielectric fluid used in electrical equipment ) GHG = CO2e = CO2 + 21*CH4 + 310*N2O + (140, 11700)*HFC + + (6500, 9200)*PFC + 23900*SH

16. Carbon Capture and Storage - It is an approach to mitigate global warming by capturing carbon dioxide from large point sources storing the CO2 instead of releasing it into the atmosphere. • Applied ot fossil fuel power plants. • Technology for large scale capture of CO2 is already commercially available and fairly well developed. • The long term storage of CO2 is a relatively untried concept.

17. The Halten Project – STATOIL - Norway

18. Technologies and CCS

19. CCS cost and Scenarios Capture and pressurization ~ $25/tonne CO2 Transportation and Storage ~ $5/tonne CO2

20. CO2 Capture It will increase the electricity price between 40 to 60% Create uncertainty New plant: Post-Combustion, Oxy-fuel or IGCC? Existent Power plant Retrofit for CO2 capture? Post-Combustion or Oxy-fuel? Rebuilt for CO2 capture? Post-Combustion, Oxy-fuel or IGCC?

21. CO2 Storage 747 Mt CO2e – in Canada (2005) 235 Mt CO2e – in Alberta (2005) 129 Mt CO2e – in E&H in Canada (2005) 52 Mt CO2e – in Electricity in Alberta (2004) Weyburn project (World’s the largest full-scale MMV project) Capacity: 30 Mt CO2 Rate storage: around 1 kt CO2/day We need projects of 1 to 2 Gt CO2/year

22. Weyburn project

23. Weyburn project

24. Weyburn project

25. Weyburn project

26. Weyburn project

27. Weyburn project

28. Conclusion

29. Clean Coal Based on the 4th Clean Coal Symposium held in Regina, October 23-24

30. CERI cost of electricity

31. Coal types and properties

32. Future context It appears that IGCC with capture technology will win .. but … IGCC availability ~ 70% PC availability ~ 90%

33. Coal - Reference coals

34. Coal Consumption

35. Forecasts - Coal consumption

36. PC plant

37. SCPC w and w/o capture

38. USCPC w and w/o capture

39. CFB

40. IGCC w and w/o capture

41. IGCC technology

42. IGCC and PC plants w/capture

43. COE IGCC plants

44. COE – PC plants

45. PC vs IGCC plants

46. Forecast - Electricity production

47. PC vs IGCC - Capital Cost

48. COE for GHG emission gases

49. COE PC vs IGCC

50. IGCC potential