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PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT. So…let’s talk about the FORM of the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE first…OK?. The Present Perfect Tense is formed by 2 things: the auxiliary verb HAVE and HAS ( in all form: Affirmative, Negative and Interrogative ) the PAST PARTICIPLE. For Example….

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PRESENT PERFECT

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  1. PRESENT PERFECT

  2. So…let’s talk about the FORM of the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE first…OK? • The Present Perfect Tense is formed by 2 things: • the auxiliary verb HAVE and HAS • (in all form: Affirmative, Negative and Interrogative) • the PAST PARTICIPLE For Example… She has worked in that office for six years. auxiliary past participle

  3. Here are some more examples! I have already eaten breakfast. She hasseen that movie before. We have dealt with customers for many years. In these examples the past participle has an irregular form. Just like the lists you’ve been studying She has useda cash register before. He has workedfor that company since May. We have already served their food. In these examples the past participle has a regular form and looks just the the simple past tense, but it’s not.

  4. We often use CONTRACTIONS with this tense. I have I’ve I haven´t You have You’ve you haven´t We have We’ve We haven´t They have They’ve They haven´t He has He’s He hasn´t She has She’s She hasn´t It has It’s It hasn´t I have lived in Florida for two years. I’ve lived in Florida for two years

  5. So now that we’ve talked about the form (words) of the PRESENT PERFECT, we can now look at the reasons (function) we use it and see in what situations we need it. There are 2 main reasons we use the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE. They are completely different and have no connection to one another. Do you want to guess?

  6. Are you Ready? Reason #1 We use the PRESENT PERFECT TENSE to talk about a completed past actionat anunspecified time in the past. Perhaps we don’t remember when the action happened. Maybe we don’t know when the action happened. Or we just don’t care when the action happened. The only thing that is important is that it happened sometime before now. But not any specific time. I’ve already eaten breakfast. She’s seen that movie before. When did it happen?

  7. When we want to ask a question about something that happened at any time before now, we say: Have you ever….? Have you ever worked at a job you really loved? Has she ever worked at a job she really hated? Have they ever used a cash register? Have you ever supervised other employees? The short answer is… Yes, I have. No, I haven’t Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.

  8. Ever or never?

  9. Just or Already ?

  10. yet?

  11. still

  12. We often use the Present Perfect with already to talk about things that have happened before now. I’ve already eaten breakfast. She’s already read that book. You’re too late. He’s already left for school. We usually use yetin questions to find out if something has happened before now. Have you bought your mother a present yet? Has she seen that movie yet? Have they left for school yet?

  13. Reason #2 With the words “for” and “since” to talk about something that began in the past and continues to now. For example: I’ve studied at this school since last June. She’s lived in West Palm Beach for 2 months. 1. SINCE + POINT IN TIME Use the present perfect with “since” + point in time (since 5:00, since Monday, since 1994) to show when something started. I’ve worked at this job since last year. He’s lived in Florida since March. They’ve been married since 1985. 2. SINCEcan also introduce a time clause. I’ve lived in Lake Worth since I moved to Florida.

  14. FOR + LENGTH OF TIME Use the Present perfect with “for” + length of time (for ten minutes, for two weeks, for years, for a long time) to show how long a present condition has lasted. I’ve worked at this job for one year. He’s lived in Florida for 9 months. They’ve been married for a long time. So…… How do we ask questions using this tense? When we want to know the length of time something has taken place we use the question words “HOW LONG?” How long has she studied English at the school?

  15. If we want to ask a question about something that happened at a specific time in the past, we wouldn’t use the present perfect tense. We need to use a different tense. Can you guess which one? You’re right! The simple past tense. Whendid they use a cash register? They used a cash register last year. Whendid you supervise other people? I supervised other people two years ago. Last year, yesterday, two years ago, last week are all words we use with the simple past tense

  16. Often when we’re speaking, we go back and forth between these two tenses—the present perfect and the simple past tense. Take a look at this example. Miko: Have you ever supervised other people? Tanaya: Yes, I have. Miko Tanaya Miko: When did you do that? Tanaya: I supervised others last year in my previous job.

  17. EXERCISES

  18. Write affirmative and negative sentences using the Present Perfect tense using the words given. a. He / lose / his passport. He’s lost his passport. b. We / not / finish / our work. c. They / buy / a new house. d. I / visit / New York / five times. e. They / go / to the cinema. f. You / eat / four bananas! g. She / not / travel / far. h. I / not / do / any homework / this week. i. We / not / study / French.

  19. Write questions and answer them. Make the answers true for YOU a. She / see / her sister? Has she seen her sister? b. They / phone / the doctor? c. You / take / any photographs? d. He / make / any mistakes? e. We / watch / any television today? 3. Complete the following sentences with since

  20. Complete the following sentences with since or for. a. She has worked as a secretary since 1991. b. They have been married ________ a few years. c. They have lived in Manchester ________ a long time. d. He’s written 5 books ________ I met him. e. We haven’t seen them ________ several weeks. f. I haven’t been to the beach ________ last summer. g. Have you used the phone ________ you arrived? h. We haven’t heard any noise ________ many hours. i. Has she studied hard ________ yesterday?

  21. Write sentences using the Present Perfect form and since or for. a. I / not / play / tennis / last summer. I haven’t played tennis since last summer. b. I / know / her / more than ten years. c. I / not / eat / anything / lunchtime. d. You / live / in this town / a long time? e. Jill / be / a good friend / we were at school together. f. You / see / Jack / the party last week?

  22. Complete the text using the Past Simple or the Present Perfect tense London has had (have) an underground train system since the 19th century. The London Underground ________ (start) in 1863, when engineers and workers ________ (build) the Metropolitan railway. This railway line ________ (go) from Paddington Station to Farringdon Street Station. It ________ (be) a very short line. Eight more lines ________ (open) since then. The world’s first electric railway ________ (open) in 1890. This line ________ (go) from the city centre to South London. The most modern line is the Jubilee line. It ________ (open) in 1977. Since the London Underground ________ (begin), many other cities, like New York and Moscow, ________ (build) their own systems.

  23. Correctthefollowingsentences: a. I have played tennis last week. I played tennis last week. b. They have finished work yet. c. When you bought that umbrella? d. Look! I have buy a new umbrella. e. I have bought three CDs last week. f. She didn’t saw that film. g. She hasn’t never seen that film.

  24. NOW CORRECT THEM

  25. Write affirmative and negative sentences using the Present Perfect tense using the words given. a. He / lose / his passport. He’s lost his passport. b. We / not / finish / our work. c. They / buy / a new house. d. I / visit / New York / five times. e. They / go / to the cinema. f. You / eat / four bananas! g. She / not / travel / far. h. I / not / do / any homework / this week. i. We / not / study / French.

  26. Write affirmative and negative sentences using the Present Perfect tense using the words given. • a. He / lose / his passport. He’s lost his passport. • b. We / not / finish / our work. • We haven’t finished our work. • c. They / buy / a new house. • They have bought a new house. • d. I / visit / New York / five times. • I have visited New York five times • e. They / go / to the cinema. • They have gone to the cinema • f. You / eat / four bananas! • You have eaten four bananas! • g. She / not / travel / far. • She hasn’t travelled far. • h. I / not / do / any homework / this week. . • I haven’t done any homework this week • We / not / study / French. • We haven’t studied French

  27. Write questions and answer them. Make the answers true for YOU a. She / see / her sister? Has she seen her sister? b. They / phone / the doctor? c. You / take / any photographs? d. He / make / any mistakes? e. We / watch / any television today? 3. Complete the following sentences with since

  28. Write questions and answer them. Make the answers true for YOU • She / see / her sister? • Has she seen her sister? • b. They / phone / the doctor? • Have they phoned the doctor? • c. You / take / any photographs? • Have you taken any photographs? • d. He / make / any mistakes? • Has he made any mistakes? • e. We / watch / any television today? • Have we watched any television today?

  29. Complete the following sentences with since or for. a. She has worked as a secretary since1991. b. They have been married ________ a few years. c. They have lived in Manchester ________ a long time. d. He’s written 5 books ________ I met him. e. We haven’t seen them ________ several weeks. f. I haven’t been to the beach ________ last summer. g. Have you used the phone ________ you arrived? h. We haven’t heard any noise ________ many hours. i. Has she studied hard ________ yesterday?

  30. Complete the following sentences with since or for. a. She has worked as a secretary SINCE 1991. b. They have been married ___FOR_____ a few years. c. They have lived in Manchester ____FOR____ a long time. d. He’s written 5 books ____SINCE____ I met him. e. We haven’t seen them ___FOR_____ several weeks. f. I haven’t been to the beach ____SINCE____ last summer. g. Have you used the phone ____SINCE____ you arrived? h. We haven’t heard any noise ____FOR____ many hours. i. Has she studied hard ____SINCE____ yesterday?

  31. Write sentences using the Present Perfect form and since or for. a. I / not / play / tennis / last summer. I haven’t played tennis since last summer. b. I / know / her / more than ten years. c. I / not / eat / anything / lunchtime. d. You / live / in this town / a long time? e. Jill / be / a good friend / we were at school together. f. You / see / Jack / the party last week?

  32. Write sentences using the Present Perfect form and since or for. • I / not / play / tennis / last summer. • I haven’t played tennis since last summer. • b. I / know / her / more than ten years. • I have known FOR more than ten years. • c. I / not / eat / anything / lunchtime. • I haven’t eaten anything SINCE lunchtime. • d. You / live / in this town / a long time? • You have lived in this town FOR a long time? • e. Jill / be / a good friend / we were at school together. • Jill has been a good friend SINCE we were at school together. • f. You / see / Jack / the party last week? • Have you seen Jack SINCE the party last week?

  33. Complete the text using the Past Simple or the Present Perfect tense London has had (have) an underground train system since the 19th century. The London Underground ________ (start) in 1863, when engineers and workers ________ (build) the Metropolitan railway. This railway line ________ (go) from Paddington Station to Farringdon Street Station. It ________ (be) a very short line. Eight more lines ________ (open) since then. The world’s first electric railway ________ (open) in 1890. This line ________ (go) from the city centre to South London. The most modern line is the Jubilee line. It ________ (open) in 1977. Since the London Underground ________ (begin), many other cities, like New York and Moscow, ________ (build) their own systems.

  34. Complete the text using the Past Simple or the Present Perfect tense London has had (have) an underground train system since the 19th century. The London Underground STARTED(start) in 1863, when engineers and workers BUILT(build) the Metropolitan railway. This railway line WENT(go) from Paddington Station to Farringdon Street Station. It WAS(be) a very short line. Eight more lines HAVE OPENED(open) since then. The world’s first electric railway OPENED(open) in 1890. This line WENT(go) from the city centre to South London. The most modern line is the Jubilee line. It OPENED(open) in 1977. Since the London Underground BEGAN(begin), many other cities, like New York and Moscow, HAVE BUILT(build) their own systems.

  35. Correctthefollowingsentences: a. I have played tennis last week. I played tennis last week. b. They have finished work yet. c. When you bought that umbrella? d. Look! I have buy a new umbrella. e. I have bought three CDs last week. f. She didn’t saw that film. g. She hasn’t never seen that film.

  36. Correctthefollowingsentences: a. I have played tennis last week. I played tennis last week. b. They have finished work yet. HAVE They finished work yet?. they HAVEN’T finished yet c. When you bought that umbrella? When DID you BUY that umbrella? d. Look! I have buy a new umbrella. Look! I have BOUGHT a new umbrella. e. I have bought three CDs last week. . I BOUGHT three CDs last week. f. She didn’t saw that film. She HASN’T SEEN that film. she DIDN’T SEE that film g. She hasn’t never seen that film. She HAS never seen that film.

  37. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE and CONTINUOS The Present Perfect Tense is used to connect the past and the present, sometimes it is an action that started in the past, but is still happening today For Example… She has lived in Santander for ten years. Meaning: She moved to Santander 10 years ago and she still lives here today Present perfect: connects the past and the present

  38. Another use is for recently finished actions ( often with JUST) (or YET for negative forms) For Example… Susan has just mopped the floor, so don’t walk on it! Or: she hasn’t mopped thefloor yet SO PRESENT PERFECT TENSE FORM IS… + has or have Past participle

  39. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOS The present perfect continuous is often very similar in meaning to the present perfect tense Just like the Present Perfect, we can use it to talk about something that started in the past, but is still happening But the present perfect continuous focuses more on the continuous action. The emphasis in on the durationof the action

  40. It began raining two hours ago It is STILL raining now It has been raining for two hours SO PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE FORM IS… + + has or have Verb – ing BEEN

  41. More examples… Jane started to work in her garden at 8:00 this morning. Now it is 12:00 She has been working in her garden for four hours! Where is Kelly? She is sleeping. She has been sleeping for a long time

  42. Sam and Paul are talking in the hallway. They have been talking since the class ended Tom and Lucy have not been walking, they have been painting all the morning!! Anna has been studying for three hours! She should take a break!

  43. Difference in meaning: Present perfect continuous is NEVER used to talk about recently finished actions • Susan has moped the floor (present perfect – Recently finished) 2. Susan has been mopping the floor for 15 minutes (present perfect continuous; not finished yet)

  44. Present perfect focuses more on the result of the action, while the present perfect continuous focuses more on the action itself • Tom and Lucy have been painting all morning! (focus on the activity) 2. They have just painted the living room. Doesn’t it look great? (focus on the result)

  45. Review: Both tenses can be often used in the same circumstance ( specially with live, work, and study + since and for) I have worked at the school for many years I have been working at the school for many years Both tenses started in the past and they continue up to the present time

  46. ACTIVITIES http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepersim-preperpro/tests?test1 http://www.eslgamesworld.com/members/games/grammar/perfectpast/New/present%20perfect%20continuous.html http://www.learn4good.com/languages/evrd_grammar/presentpcont_exc.htm http://www.adelescorner.org/grammar/pres_per_cont/pres_perfect_cont.html

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