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Movement

Cameras and action. Movement. Movement . Movies are “ motion pictures ” Movement, both with the camera and with the elements on screen, must be tightly choreographed Motion can be literal and concrete or highly-stylized and lyrical. Kinetics. Kinetics is the study of motion

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Movement

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  1. Cameras and action Movement

  2. Movement • Movies are “motion pictures” • Movement, both with the camera and with the elements on screen, must be tightly choreographed • Motion can be literal and concrete or highly-stylized and lyrical

  3. Kinetics • Kinetics is the study of motion • In film, it refers to what the motion means • Musical sequences are are meant to express emotions • Pantomime is highly stylized movement, very exaggerated

  4. Musical • What emotions are expressed? • http://youtu.be/D1ZYhVpdXbQ • Ballet takes this to the extreme… concentrates on the essence of idea • http://youtu.be/cKwx3JwR6q4

  5. Martial Arts • Martial arts in particular use extensive choregraphy to make the motion work. • http://youtu.be/BQ19YFeL5O8

  6. Movement within the frame • Movement has different implications based upon its direction • Movement up tends to imply freedom and soaring • Joy, power, authority • Movement down tends to imply the opposite • Grief, death, insignificance, weakness • Movement from left to right implies normality • Movement from right to left implies something wrong

  7. Movement within the frame • Movement toward the camera has several different meanings, depending on the subject • If a villain, toward the camera seems aggressive, threatening • If attractive, friendly, inviting or seductive • Movement away from the camera tends to have opposite meanings • Most movies have movement away at the end, either the camera withdrawing or the characters withdrawing

  8. Movement examples • Movement toward camera • http://youtu.be/ElOEwtx7wjA • Movement away from camera • http://youtu.be/w0g8uTZmKM4

  9. Lateral Movement vs Depth Movement • There are considerable differences between the two, psychologically • Lateral movements tend to emphasize speed and efficiency • Deep movements (walking down a long corridor) tend to emphasize tedium and will make the audience restless • Classical filmmakers tend to do dynamic diagonal movement

  10. Movement examples • http://youtu.be/WDpipB4yehk • http://youtu.be/9JY65HhvF-8

  11. Movement and framing • Movement is closely related to framing • Example: Hamlet • Olivier’s Hamlet is loosely framed and the movement suggests choices • Zeffirelli’s Hamlet is tightly framed and the movement suggests struggling against being trapped

  12. Movement and framing examples

  13. Movement and framing examples

  14. Kinetics • Movement in the frame is not just limited to motion by the actor… the environment plays a part too. • In Singing in the Rain, the rain provides a balance to Kelly’s song and dance. • It can also be used very artistically to imply power… power of nature or power of man

  15. Kinetics examples • Yojimbo:http://youtu.be/3-qzrAXkOFs • Good part at 2:30 in the clip • The Truman Show: • http://youtu.be/u-ApxFOpl28 • http://youtu.be/6ZMZYrdXtP0

  16. The moving camera • The second part of motion is the movement of the camera • There are seven types of camera movement: • Pans • Tilts • Crane shots • Dolly shots • Zoom Shots • Handheld Shots • Aerial Shots

  17. Panning shots • A panning shot is when the camera is moved from side to side on an axis, ie from a stationary position • Pans are time consuming because they must be done slowly and smoothly • Often used to keep the subject in the center of the composition • Reaction shots are often panning shots.

  18. Panning shot example • Top Gun • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdHBsWXaHN8&feature=share&list=PLEC2F8A54CFBD3E21 • Blade • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTuGK7Ob2QI&feature=share&list=PL0B8A45A9FAA01356

  19. Swish Pan • Often used as a transition • Fast and blurry • Example: Cloverfield • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RkFcHUvyJ- k&feature=share&list=PL8AAFE8BF1CDCB93D

  20. Tilt Shot • Tilt shots are vertical movements of the camera around a stationary axis… ie a stationary camera • They can be used in POV or to keep a moving object in frame • They can also be used to imply spatial restraints.

  21. Tilt shot example • Cloverfield • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVCki9kwF_4&feature=share&list=PL8AAFE8BF1CDCB93D

  22. Tracking Shot • Tracking shots make use of a cart or dolley… or sometimes a chase vehicle • Tracking shots are very useful in point of view shots, especially when the director wants to convey movement in the scene without moving the actors • A reverse dolly, or a pull-back dolly, are useful for reveals

  23. Tracking shot example • Children of Men- A very stylized tracking shot • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-LjxKR0q7Yo&feature=share&list=PLD871BF2FF127EE59 • Pull back Dolly example- Gone with the Wind • http://youtu.be/RBAmLm_jYyY

  24. Handheld shots • Handheld shots are less lyrical and more noticebable than mounted shots • Handheld shots are used with or without Steadicam for different uses

  25. Steadicam • Steadicams provide stable handheld shots, giving the director the ability to move into tighter spaces • The stability of a steadicam is close to a dolly shot

  26. Steadicam

  27. True handheld • True handheld shots are jumpy and jarring • They are often used in fight sequences, combat sequences and horror movies • The most famous example of a purely handheld movie is the The Blair Witch Project, which used a hand held camera exclusively… it also was famous for making the audience sick due to the motion

  28. Handheld examples • Steadicam • A good Steadicam example: Terminator 2 • http://youtu.be/P00PhQ1yLno • True handheld • Cloverfield

  29. Crane shots • Crane shots are basically dolly shots that allow the director to get up and over the acting • The crane operates very similarly to a bucket lift used by light and telephone crews • It allows the director to move up, down, diagonally, in, out, or any combination.

  30. Crane shot example • X-Men Origins: Wolverine • http://youtu.be/LPmbGzQaOCs

  31. Zoom shots • Zoom shots do not have the camera actually move, but can replicate dolly movement... Sometimes called a “Zolly” • Zoom shots are much faster than dolly shots and can bring the audience into a scene much faster • They can also be used to flatten depth of field and are much cheaper than dolly shots

  32. Zoom shot example • The Fellowship of the Ring • http://youtu.be/RV9aC9w6430

  33. Aerial Shots • Aerial shots are exactly that… shots from a plane, balloon, or helicopter • Are often used to imply a god-like sense of view • They are often used as establishing shots • As drones become cheaper, expect more use in aerial shots

  34. Aerial Shots example • The Blues Brothers • http://youtu.be/FkkXHjQSyEI

  35. Mechanical Distortions of Movement • Movement in film can be manipulated by a handful of techniques • Most camera technology films at 24 frames per second… meaning the camera takes 24 pictures per second • When shown by a projector at the same speed, it appears seamless

  36. Mechanical Distortions of Movement • There are five kinds of mechanical distortion of movement • Animation • Fast motion • Slow motion • Reverse motion • Freeze frames

  37. Animation • Traditional animation requires considerable amount of work. • Each second of film requires 24 separate drawings • Computer animation has considerably reduced the amount of work, but is expensive to produce in high quality

  38. Animation • Animated movies are often considered for children only, mostly due to Disney • Animation, especially in foreign cultures like Japan, has ample adult content • Shows like The Simpsons, Family Guy, and South Park have made animation entertainment for all ages • Most Disney and Looney Tunes cartoons have multiple levels of understanding, providing entertainment for adults as well.

  39. Animation examples • Bambi • http://youtu.be/gSh1eLrxiqs • The Simpsons • http://youtu.be/X3ZcZ2h4Ths • Akira • http://youtu.be/utHYI4w9fpY • Toy Story • http://youtu.be/zB2gPZRsz0Q

  40. Live action and animationation • Who Framed Roger Rabbit set the gold standard of drawn animation and live action • http://youtu.be/XAnNvnViJpo • The Lord of the Rings set the standard for CGI animation and live action • http://youtu.be/GhF060VmS1g

  41. Fast motion • Created by filming at slower than 24 FPS, fast motion is used to intensify speed, often of racing objects • When used on actors, they appear ridiculous and humorous • OK Example: Scott Pilgrim Vs. The World • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5HaKHp8glPc&feature=share&list=PL60D88D615C74FD28

  42. Slow motion • Accomplished by filming at faster than 24 FPS, then slowing down the film to 24 FPS • Used to ritualize or solemnize movement • A good example: The Last Samurai • http://youtu.be/7yP9MmzyTIg

  43. Reverse motion • Quite simply, running the film backwards as filming, switching directions when show forward • A GREAT example is Memento • http://youtu.be/p0gi5e7JR9w

  44. Freeze Frame • A single image is captured and reprinted for several frames • The director wants us to see that image and accentuates its importance • Good example: The Other Guys • http://youtu.be/V5niaBQEpVQ

  45. Bullet Time • The Matrix was revolutionary for its time. • Bullet Time is one of the biggest innovations in movement in cinema • http://youtu.be/_KtghA0rkDY

  46. Movement • The question to ask yourself is why does the director choose to make the action go a particular way? • Why does the camera move? Why doesn’t it move? What does it mean?

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