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REACTIONS of PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8-2

http ://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html. REACTIONS of PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8-2. http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG. REMEMBER BIO 1. http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm. Atoms are the basic unit of MATTER:.

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REACTIONS of PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8-2

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  1. http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.htmlhttp://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html REACTIONS of PHOTOSYNTHESIS8-2 http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG

  2. REMEMBER BIO 1 http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm

  3. Atoms are the basic unit of MATTER: A NUCLEUS contains ______________ ______________ ______________ orbit nucleus in ENERGY LEVELS PROTONS (+) NEUTRONS ELECTRONS (-)

  4. Atoms differ in numbers of protons, neutrons, & electrons Image from: http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2004/lect02.htm

  5. + Atoms that have gained or lost electrons have anelectric charge andare called__________ They are writtenwith a + or –next to theirsymbol Na IONS - Cl

  6. Atoms/ions important for living things Carbon - C • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ • ____________ Oxygen - O Hydrogen - H Nitrogen - N Sulfur - S Phosphorus - P

  7. ATOMS CAN JOIN TOGETHER TO MAKE MOLECULES Ex: Joining 2 HYDROGENatoms with 1 OXYGEN atom makes ________ WATER A chemical formula tells what kind of molecules and how many are in a molecule EX: ________ H2O Image by: Riedell

  8. ________________ = kind of chemical reaction in which molecules are produced by joining smaller molecules together 2 H2 + O2→ 2 H20 SYNTHESIS Hydrogen molecule oxygen molecule 2 water molecules

  9. An chemical equation tells what happens in a chemical reaction when molecules interact. NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H20 ______________ _______________ Molecules that react Molecules that are produced → reactants products http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif

  10. Chemical reactions need help to get started EX: A fire needs a match to get it started. IT’S LIKE PUSHING A SNOWBALL UP A HILL . . . Once you get it up there, it can roll down by itself http://www.chuckwagondiner.com/art/matches.jpg http://plato.acadiau.ca/COURSES/comm/g5/Fire_Animation.gif

  11. http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/saunders/courses/online/SBI3C/Cells/Protein-Structure03.jpghttp://www.tvdsb.on.ca/saunders/courses/online/SBI3C/Cells/Protein-Structure03.jpg In living systems ___________ called __________ help chemical reactions happen. PROTEINS ENZYMES SEE ANIMATIONof AMYLASE Image from: http://www.hillstrath.on.ca/moffatt/bio3a/digestive/enzanim.htm

  12. PROTEINS ACT AS ENZYMES ENZYMES fit together with _____________ (reactants) like a lock and key to form an ____________________________. SUBSTRATES ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX PRODUCTS __________are released and enzyme is free to help again http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/enzyme_.gif

  13. See a video about ENZYME REACTIONS 2D

  14. -ASE Many enzyme NAMES end in _____ and the beginning of the name tells what it does DNA Polymerase= “polymerizes” joins monomers to make DNA Protease= breaks down proteins ATP synthase= synthesizes ATP

  15. Research into PHOTOSYNTHESIS began centuries ago with this simple question: When a tiny seed grows into a huge plant, where does all the “new plant” come from? http://www.nofretete-page.de/gemischtNeu/TN_plant_grow_w.JPG

  16. EXPERIMENTS TO FIND OUT In 1643- a Belgian physician ___________________ determined the mass of a pot of dry soil and a small seedling. Jan van Helmont Then he planted the seedling in the pot and watered it regularly. At the end of 5 years the _____________ __________about 75 kg, but the mass of the _________ was almost ________________. seedling had gained soil unchanged He decided the “increase in plant” had to come from the ________… that was the only thing he had added! WATER http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_3.html

  17. EXPERIMENTS TO FIND OUT Van Helmont didn’t realize the major contribution to the mass of his tree was something he couldn’t see… __________________ from the air. Plants use _______ and ______ dioxide to make ___________________ carbon dioxide water carbon Carbohydrates http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_3.html

  18. EXPERIMENTS TO FIND OUT Joseph Priestley 1771- An English minister, _________________________, discovered that a flame burning in a closed jar would die out. If he placed a __________ in the jar and allowed a few days to pass, the candle could be lit again. http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_7.html http://www2.nsta.org/Energy/find/primer/primer2_8.html live plant The plant produced something “required for burning” that the candle used up OXYGEN We now know it was …____________

  19. EXPERIMENTS TO FIND OUT Jan Ingenhousz 1779- Dutch scientist ________________________ showed Priestley’s plant experiment only worked if the plant was exposed to _________________ ! light http://www.rgg.og.schule-bw.de/Dokus/d-faech/Biologie/Klasse%208/Bilder/Fotosynthese/Ingenhousz-Netz.JPG

  20. EXPERIMENTS TO FIND OUT 1961- American chemist ________________________ received the Nobel prize for figuring out the chemical _______________ used by plants to make sugar http://www.bookrags.com/Melvin_Calvin Melvin Calvin pathway http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/Calvincycle.html

  21. THE BIG PICTURE These experiments led to work by later scientists who finally discovered that in the presence of light, plants transform CO2 and water into carbohydrates and release oxygen. Carbondioxide WATER Sugars Oxygen _____________ + ____________ _______________ + ____________ 6 CO2 6 H2O → C6H12O6 6 O2 _____________ + ____________ _______________ + ____________

  22. In addition to water and carbon dioxide, __________________ and __________________ are needed for photosynthesis to happen. http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255phts/255phts.htm chlorophyll light energy

  23. Photosynthesis ____________________ involves a complex series of chemical reactions, in which the product of one reaction is _____________ by the next reaction. consumed Product Y Reaction 1 → Product → X Reaction 2 → A series of reactions linked in this way is referred to as a __________________________ biochemical pathway

  24. See a video about PHOTOSYNTHESIS 8B

  25. oxygen Light & Water ATP NADPH Carbon Dioxide (CH2O)n Light-Dependent Reaction PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light-Independent Reactions Calvin Cycle

  26. PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Reactants & Products LIGHT ENERGY 6CO2 + 6H2O SUGAR + 6O2

  27. http://son.nasa.gov/tass/images/cont_emspec2.jpg http://www.ology.amnh.org/einstein/lightmatterenergy/light.html

  28. Visible light is made up of many different _______________of light Your eyes “see” different sizes of waves as different ___________ wavelengths colors http://www.simontucket.com/_Portfolio/PortLarge/L_Il_Prism.jpg

  29. Myth: Many people think that plants are green because they absorb and use green light in photosynthesis, BUT . . . . Image from: http://oogletutorials.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/photoshop-lesson-green-leaf-design26.gif

  30. BUT… We “see” reflected light Light wavelengths that are ___________ off of objects bounce back to our eyes . That is the ___________ we “see” REFLECTED COLOR Image modified from: http://www.visibledreams.net/Web/color/color_3.html

  31. This book “looks BLUE” because the dye in this cover _______________ of the wavelengths of light _________ blue. _______ light is ____________ to your eyes and it looks BLUE absorbs ALL except BLUE reflected http://www.michaelhyatt.com/fromwhereisit/bluebook.jpg

  32. The dye in this T shirt absorbs all of the colors __________________________ Red wavelengths are _________________ to your eyes and the shirt looks RED except red reflected GO CATS! http://jacksbear.com/shop/index.php?main_page=product_info&products_id=9

  33. Objects “look BLACK” because black dye ________________ of the wavelengths of light. When wavelengths are absorbed so is the_____________ of the wave. That is why wearing a blackT-shirt in the summer feelswarmer than wearing a white t-shirt. absorbs ALL ENERGY http://www.eventsonline.ca/events/vowsa/black_shirt.jpg http://www.hotstuffspas.com/pools_files/sunanim.gif

  34. The dye in white objects _____________ of the wavelengths of light. _______ energy is ABSORBED so wearing white clothing is “cooler”. REFLECTS ALL LITTLE http://www.hotstuffspas.com/pools_files/sunanim.gif http://www.12stitch.com/shop/images/options/Blank-White-Shirt.jpg

  35. Which wavelengths of light are these Flowers REFLECTING? Purple & yellow yellow Images by: VanderWal

  36. Which wavelengths of light do these LEAVES reflect? green So green leaves____________ the green wavelength of light. REFLECT Image by: VanderWal

  37. Plants gather the sun’s energy with light absorbing molecules called ___________. pigments By: VanderWal

  38. http://www.russianflora.com/store/images/product/custom_green_plant_35.jpghttp://www.russianflora.com/store/images/product/custom_green_plant_35.jpg The main energy absorbing molecule in green plants is ___________________ _________________ are plant pigments too. (These look yellow, orange, and red) CHLOROPHYLL CAROTENOIDS http://www.rnzih.org.nz/images/gardenimages/carrots_d.jpg

  39. GREEN leaves have BOTH chlorophyll AND carotenoids __________________ but the huge amount of chlorophyll ______ the other colors and leaves usually look green ALL THE TIME hides

  40. In ______, chlorophyll production slows as the trees shut down and photosynthesis stops for winter. FALL http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/ecology_notes_bi.htm

  41. Then we can see the carotinoid colors that are usually _______ by chlorophyll HIDDEN http://www.litzsinger.org/weblog/archives/email%20AutumnTrees5%20LREC%20102605.jpg

  42. © Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing asPearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. There are two types of chlorophyll __________________ & ___________________ Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll a absorbs the _____ & ________ wavelengths best. It absorbs very little ______ light. violet red Chlorophyllb Chlorophyll a red Blue

  43. © Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing asPearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. There are two types of chlorophyll __________________ & ___________________ Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll b absorbs some ______light and even more _________ light. red Chlorophyllb Chlorophyll a Blue-violet red

  44. © Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing asPearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b NEITHER KIND OF CHLOROPHYLL IS VERY GOOD AT ABSORBING _________ LIGHT! Chlorophyllb Chlorophyll a GREEN red

  45. http://www.russianflora.com/store/images/product/custom_green_plant_35.jpghttp://www.russianflora.com/store/images/product/custom_green_plant_35.jpg That’s why leaves LOOK GREEN….. Chlorophyll doesn’t absorb…. it ___________ GREEN light! REFLECTS

  46. ABSORB DOESN’T USE MORE That’s why plant have other pigments (like carotenoids). They help _________ some wavelengths chlorophyll _______; so the plant can __________ of the sun’s energy. http://members.aol.com/diaspore/vhouse/biology/projects/photosynthesis/woida/meaning_of_light.html#question_1

  47. SO WHAT WAVELENGTHS ARE BEST FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS? © Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing asPearson Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Absorption of Light by Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b THE ONESCHLOROPHYLLABSORBS THE BEST ________ and _______________ Chlorophyllb Chlorophyll a red Blue-violet

  48. Pearson Education Inc, Pusblishing as Pearson Prentice Hall Because light is a form of ___________, any molecule that absorbs light also ___________the energy from the light. ENERGY ABSORBS

  49. ENERGY & ELECTRONS http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/botany/uno/graphics/uno01pob/vrl/images/0160.gif When chlorophyll absorbs light, the energy is transferred to electrons in the chlorophyll molecule. ELECTRONS HIGH ENERGY ____________ make photosynthesis work! http://www.wjcc.k12.va.us/ROBB/Atom%20Animation%20Resources_files/image003.gif

  50. SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDS Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis: The students will be able to: • explain the biochemical processes that a plant uses in photosynthesis • explain the role ADP-ATP cycle has within the chloroplast of the cell (9-12.L.1.1) • explain the light reaction (9-12.L.1.1) • explain the steps of photophosphorylation and the Calvin Cycle (9-12.L.1.1)

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