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Ch.7 Sect.2:Three Processes of Memory

Explore the intricate processes of memory including encoding, storage, and retrieval in this enlightening section. Learn how information is translated, stored, and accessed in memory, with techniques and examples to enhance memory retention and recall.

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Ch.7 Sect.2:Three Processes of Memory

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  1. Ch.7 Sect.2:Three Processes of Memory

  2. What you will learn in this section… • 3 processes of memory • Encoding • Storage • Retrieval

  3. Encoding • Translation of info into a form in which it can be stored • Info goes into memory it is encoded • 1st stage of processing info • 1st it is in physical form, then psychologically formatted

  4. OTTFFSSENT • 30 seconds to memorize

  5. Visual, Acoustic, Semantic Codes • Did you try to see them in mind as pic (visual)? • Read list to self and repeat several times? This way records letters as a sequence of sounds • Try to figure out what they mean? • Word sent was at the end • It represents info… • Could have tried to find words that began with each letter and make a sentence • Make a phrase • 1-10

  6. Storage • Second process of memory • Maintenance rehearsal— • More time spent=longer remembered • Elaborative Rehearsal— • Teachers use this

  7. Organizational Systems • Memories stored become organized and arranged • Memory is a vast storehouse of files and file cabinets • President example • As memory develops, files within files • Filing errors

  8. Retrieval • Consists of locating… • Some info is familiar and readily available • Retrieval,retreival

  9. Context-Dependent Memory • Context of a memory is the situation in which a person first had the experience being remembered • Memories are dependent on the place where a person… • Swimming club example • Witnesses

  10. State-Dependent Memory • Retrieve memories better when they are in the same emotional state they were in when they first stored the memories • Happiness • Gordon Bower • Same state of consciousness

  11. On the tip of the tongue • Memories can be difficult to retrieve • Sometimes we get really close to info but it is on… • We often try to retrieve memories by…

  12. Ch.7 Sect.3:Three Stages of Memory

  13. What you will learn in this section… • 3 stages of memory • Sensory Memory • Short-Term Memory • Long-Term Memory

  14. Sensory Memory • 1st stage, immediate, initial recording of info that enters our senses • Decays within a second • Icons— • Iconic memory like snapshots • Eidetic imagery— • Gone by adolescence • Echoic memory— • Easier to remember than visual

  15. Short-term Memory • Also called working memory • Used a great deal • Whenever you think about something • Examples • Fades rapidly after several seconds

  16. Remembering numbers • Primacy effect— • Recency effect— • Chunking— • George Miller found average person… • Businesses… • 10 digit phone number • Only a limited amount of info at a time can be retained in short term memory • Interference— • The Peterson Experiment

  17. Long Term Memory • Mechanical repetition • Relating info… • New info constantly being transferred into long term • It holds… • Still don’t know limit on how much we can store • Limited to… • Walter Penfield • Elizabeth Loftus • Memories are reconstructed…

  18. Schemas • Schemas— • Loftus and Palmer experiment

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