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Biology of Sex

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Sex and the Fossil Record Evolution of Sex Genetics of Sex V. Sexual Selection VI. Mating Systems and Mate Choice. Biology of Sex. The biological imperative. What is sex?. The union and the combining of DNA of two haploid cells from opposite mating types.

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Biology of Sex

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  1. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes • Sex and the Fossil Record • Evolution of Sex • Genetics of Sex • V. Sexual Selection • VI. Mating Systems and Mate Choice Biology of Sex The biological imperative

  2. What is sex? The union and the combining of DNA of two haploid cells from opposite mating types.

  3. I. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes A. Domains 1. Domain Archaea Extremophiles

  4. 2. Domain Bacteria Ubiquitous

  5. Prokaryote Reproduction Binary Fission Conjugation

  6. 3. Domain Eukarya Sexual Reproduction Meiosis accomplishments? 1. Haploid cells 2. Diversity Fertilization

  7. II. Sex and the Fossil Record Stromatolites Cyanobacteria 3.6 BYA

  8. II. Sex and the Fossil Record Eukaryotes Grypania Fossil embryos Acritarchs 2.1 BYA 1.8 BYA 580 MYA Aside: why is fossil record so poor as we go back in time?

  9. III. Evolution of Sex A. Disadvantages of Sex 1. Finding a mate 2. STDs 3. Genome reduction

  10. Two Fold Cost of Sex Parthenogenesis

  11. B. Advantages of Sex 1. Fitter offspring 2. Biparental care 3. Sex as a lottery • Sexual species • Asexual species?

  12. Snail and worm studies 4. Parasitism, Pathogenicity, and Sex

  13. 5. Chromosomal Information

  14. IV. Genetics of Sex

  15. A. Landscape of the Y • Y genes • 95% ‘junk’ • 78 genes • no crossing over • SRY gene Consequence if X and Y did crossover?

  16. B. Landscape of the X • 1,098 genes • Disease genes • Brain genes • Gay genes? Xq28

  17. 1. Darwin 2. Battle of the Sexes V. Sexual Selection A. Introduction • male competition • female choice

  18. Contributions of egg and sperm to offspring sperm egg 1. Haploid set of chromosomes 1. Haploid set 2. X to males and females 2. X to females; Y to males 3. Protection 4. Nourishment Mutations? 5. Directions for early development 6. Mitochondria Relative production?

  19. B. Types of Sexual Selection 1. Male Competition a. Male Weaponry b. Combat and Displays

  20. c. Post- copulatory Male Competition

  21. Water mites Cassowary Hangingflies Red winged blackbird 2. Female choice a. Sensory Exploitation b. Direct Selection

  22. Sage grouse Peacock c. Indirect Selection • Good gene hypothesis Handicap principle Leks • Sexy son hypothesis

  23. Bowerbirds

  24. Gorillas Gibbons Jacana VI. Mating Systems • Monogamy • Polygamy • Polygyny • Polyandry

  25. Promiscuity Paternal confusion

  26. VII. The Nature of Human Sexuality Naturalistic Fallacy!!!!! Klimt. The Kiss

  27. San Francisco Study: gay sex in the seventies

  28. Absolute Power Genghis Khan: 1/12 men in Asia; 1/200 worldwide

  29. Proposition Studies

  30. Prostitution and Pornography Prostitutes. Picasso

  31. Comparisons

  32. Production!!! Sperm: 100, 000, 000 per day Eggs: 1 per month Most children for a woman? Most children for a man?

  33. Hidden Ovulation

  34. Cross Cultural Study Who we get?

  35. William James Hypothesis? Higgamus biggamus Men are polygamous Hoggamus bogamus Women monogamous Naturalistic Fallacy!!!!!

  36. Differences Men are hunters; women are gatherers.

  37. The end Renoir. Boating Party

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