1 / 48

Enhancing Small Off-Road Engine Catalyst Systems

Learn about production catalyst systems for small off-road engines, emission strategies, efficiency improvements, and market applications in this informative workshop document.

morrisandrew
Download Presentation

Enhancing Small Off-Road Engine Catalyst Systems

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. ARB – Exhaust Emissions –Tier 3 Small Off-Road Engine Workshop – Expanded file EMA / OPEI Engine Manufacturers Association / Outdoor Power Equipment Institute Clean Air Act Committee Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  2. ARB – Exhaust Emissions –Tier 3 • Production Catalyst Systems • Small Off-Road Engine experience • ARB Test Program • Southwest Research Institute • High Efficiency Catalysts • Thermal energy management Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  3. Small Off-Road Engine -Production Catalyst Systems • International Catalyst System – B&S • Quantum & Mod. 9/10 Side valve • 1.3 in3 ceramic -or- wire mesh substrate • 10-15% Engine Displacement • 20-30% HC+NOx Efficiency (0 hrs) • 2-3 g/hp-hr (minimum) • 10-15% CO Efficiency (0 hrs) • Tier I Carburetor calibration (moderate CO levels) • 50 g/hp-hr CO conversion (maximum) • Limited secondary air / controlled heat release • International Market Product Feature Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  4. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  5. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  6. Small Off-Road Engine -Production Catalyst Systems • Tecumseh TVM220 • 21.8 in3 Vertical L-Head • Certified EPA Phase II • 4.2 in3 Reducing Catalyst / 19% Engine Displacement • 15% HC+NOx Efficiency at 0 Hours Tecumseh H35 • 9.5 in3 Horizontal L-Head • Certfied EPA Phase I, CARB Tier II • 4.2 in3 Reducing Catalyst / 44% Engine Displacement • 29% HC+NOx Efficiency at 0 Hours Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  7. Small Off-Road Engine -Production Catalyst Systems • Emission Sentry System - Kohler • Automotive type system • 12.2 in3 substrate / 50% of Engine displacement • LPG application • 3-way catalyst loading • Full Engine control unit • Closed-loop feedback fuel control • O2 sensor • Low CO levels / High NOx reductions • Low volume production • High-end commercial market Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  8. ARB / SwRI Test Program • Emission Strategies • Enleanment (2 of 5 engines) • Modified to improve catalyst efficiency - SwRI • Increased NOx / Reduced HC • Engine performance/durability concerns • Secondary Air(all 5 engines) • Needed to achieve target HC reductions - SwRI • Increased CO% efficiency / energy release • 40 to 60% CO conversion (4 of 5 engines) • B&S Intek #2 - 29% CO converted @ 0 hrs. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  9. ARB / SwRI Test Program • Emission Strategies • Large Metallic Catalyst substrates(4 of 5 engines) • ensured substrate mechanical/emission durability • 75% to more than 185% of engine displacement • Removed all sound reduction and cooling chamber capacity => “Catalyst container” per SwRI – Honda GCV160 retained cooling • B&S Intek #2 - 32% of engine displacement catalyst Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  10. ARB / SwRI Test Program • Emission Strategies • Remote mounted containers(3 of 5 engines) • Provided “package space” for Secondary Air • Reduced engine/ catalyst temperature interaction • Reduced catalyst system temperatures • pre-catalyst, substrate mid-bed, container surface & exhaust temperatures • Reduced vibration interaction – system durability • Both B&S Inteks close mounted Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  11. Catalyst Secondary Air –% CO reductions Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  12. Catalyst Secondary Air –% CO reductions Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  13. Catalyst Secondary Air –% CO reductions Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  14. Catalyst Secondary Air –% CO reductions Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  15. Catalyst Secondary Air –% CO reductions Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  16. SwRI – Briggs & Stratton Intek #1 • Emission Strategies • Enleanment - A/F Ratio modified • Performance and Durability concerns • Passive Secondary Air Injection • Increased HC and CO efficiency • Increased Thermal energy release • 9.0 in3 Substrate = 75% of displacement • Replaced Stock Muffler with SLT Optional Muffler • Removed sound/cooling chambers • Catalyst “container” only Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  17. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  18. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  19. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  20. SwRI – B&S Intek Catalyst System Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  21. SwRI – B&S Intek Catalyst System Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  22. SwRI – Tecumseh OVRM120 • Emission Strategies • No Enleanment • Engine close to recommended Temperature limits • Passive Secondary Air Injection • Increased HC and CO efficiency • Increased Thermal energy release • 9.0 in3 Substrate = 75% of engine displacement • Replaced Stock Muffler with Briggs & Stratton SLT Optional Intek Muffler • Removed sound/cooling chambers • Catalyst “container” only • Location modified away from engine to allow room for passive air system Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  23. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  24. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  25. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  26. SwRI – Honda GCV160 • Emission Strategies • No Enleanment • Manufacturer concerns with startability • Passive Secondary Air Injection • Increased HC and CO efficiency • Increased Thermal energy release • 9.0 in3 Substrate = 92% of engine displacement • Increased muffler/container size 2 times • Removed sound reduction capability • Catalyst “container” with mixing/cooling chambers • Location modified away from engine to allow room for passive air system Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  27. SwRI – Honda GCV160 Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  28. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  29. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  30. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  31. SwRI – Honda GCV160 Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  32. SwRI –Honda GCV160 Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  33. SwRI – Kawasaki FH601V (V-Twin) • Emission Strategies • Enleanment – A/F Ratio modified • Engine sensitive to intake air temp/humidity • Passive Secondary Air Injection • Increased HC and CO efficiency • Increased Thermal energy release • 77 in3 Substrate =190% of engine displacement • Removed sound reduction capability • Catalyst “container” with mixing/cooling chambers • Location modified away from engine to allow room for passive air system Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  34. SwRI –Kawasaki Catalyst Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  35. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  36. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  37. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  38. SwRI – Briggs & Stratton Intek #2 • Emission Strategies • No Enleanment • Passive Secondary Air Injection • Increased HC and CO efficiency • Increased Thermal energy release • 3.7 in3 Substrate = 31% of engine displacement • Replaced Stock Muffler with SLT Optional Muffler • Removed sound/cooling chambers • Catalyst “container” only • Baseline vs. Developed • New Baseline vs. Oct ’02 – Increased HC • Potential Fuel/Oil contamination Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  39. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  40. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  41. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  42. Ignition Time vs. Temp – selected Forest Fuels U.S Dept of Agriculture, Forest Service Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  43. Catalyst Application - SORE Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  44. Catalyst Application – Small Off-Road Engines • Safe & Functional Design Criteria • Increased Temperatures • Exhaust gas & surface • “Over-Rich” conditions • Choke, primers, dirty air cleaners • Field Application concerns • Temperatures, Fuel spillage, Debris • V-twin & High Inertia applications • Additional Problems Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  45. Catalyst Application - Performance • System durability w/application • High % Class 2 sold w/o mufflers • “Best-in-Class” vs. Mass Market • Catalyst durability/reliability • Thermal Failures • Sintering, Melting, Loosening • Poisoning • Metallic Oil additives Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  46. Catalyst Application – Other Major Issues • Application Concerns • Increased package size, shielding, weight • Increased development / qualification to ensure compliance – Emissions & Safety • Reduced reliability & Increased variability ( 2 systems => engine/catalyst ) • OEM “Add-on” – Certification & audit • Increased costs – component & equipment Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  47. Catalyst Application – Cost Impact • High conversion efficiency will require new engines (new tooling) • Current average engine-out levels in production must be met by nearly all production units if high-efficiency converters are to perform according to design • Thermal management for safety and engine durability • Other impacts • Equipment manufacturers • California consumers and businesses Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

  48. ARB – Exhaust Emissions – Tier 3 • High HC+NOx conversion efficiency catalysts are not possible without high CO conversion efficiency.  Thermal Management • Engine & Equipment manufacturers cannot meet standards based on high conversion efficiency without major engine and equipment modifications • New tooling for most lawn & garden engines  not an add-on package. Expanded file -- July 2, 2003

More Related