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National Technical University of Athens Unit of Environmental Science and Technology

National Technical University of Athens Unit of Environmental Science and Technology. LIFE 3 rd countries: Development of best management systems for high priority waste streams in Cyprus. Prof. Maria Loizidou Fotis Kourmousis, PhD candidate Nicosia, 5 th May, 2006. Scope - objectives.

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National Technical University of Athens Unit of Environmental Science and Technology

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  1. National Technical University of AthensUnit of Environmental Science and Technology LIFE 3rd countries: Development of best management systems for high priority waste streams in Cyprus Prof. Maria Loizidou Fotis Kourmousis, PhD candidate Nicosia, 5th May, 2006

  2. Scope - objectives • Develop management systems for: • Waste from electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) • Comply with EU environmental legislation

  3. 6th environmental action program of the EU • Hazardous • Municipal • Industrial • Hospital • Packaging “TOP 10”PRIORITY WASTE STREAMS: Sludge Waste oils End of life vehicles (ELVs) Construction & demolition Waste from electric & electronic equipment (WEEE)

  4. Implementation of project • 6 tasks: • Analysis of characteristics of the WEEE waste streams. Presentation of the existing situation concerning its management • Inventory of the quantities and generation sources – forecasting • Multi-criteria decision support tool • Techno-economic study • Dissemination • Management and reporting to EC

  5. Task 1/6 • Characteristics analysis & present situation actions: • Description of the waste composition and characteristics • Determination of the problem and environmental impacts • Identification of all actors involved • Determination of all the responsible competent authorities

  6. Task 2/6 • Inventory & forecasting actions: • Development of the inventory methodology and tools • Implementation of the inventory • Development of an appropriate database • Input of information into the developed database – Assessment of data

  7. Task 3/6 • Multi criteria decision support tool actions: • Determination of the multi-criteria decision methodology that will be used • Setting, description and calibration of the assessment criteria that will be used for the evaluation • Description of the alternative scenarios – management systems that are possible for implementation • Quantification of the criteria for each alternative scenario – Input of the data in the multi-criteria software tool – Screening of each alternative management system according to its applicability

  8. Task 4/6 • Techno-economic studyactions: • Full techno-economic study for the implementation of the optimum management systems for WEEE waste stream

  9. Task 5/6 • Dissemination actions: • Meeting of the steering committee, partners and directors • Workshops • Seminars and training courses • Conference • Website, leaflets, publications etc.

  10. Task 6/6 • Management and reporting to the EC actions: • Determination of the beneficiary’s and partner’s key-staff and responsibilities • Reporting to the EC

  11. Organization and structure • Management committee • Beneficiary: N. Georgiades (project coordinator), K. Papastavros, Th. Messimeris • Partner: M. Loizidou (scientific responsible), K.J. Haralambous, A. Papadopoulos • Technical – scientific committee • Steering Sub committee: • WEEE

  12. Steering committee: WEEE • Representatives from: • Environment Service – Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment (beneficiary) • National Technical University of Athens (partner) • Electromechanical Service of Cyprus • Ministry of Commerce • Recycling Association • Importers Association • Cypriot Commercial and Industrial Chamber • Statistic Service of Cyprus • Cypriot Customhouse

  13. General progress • Organization of project • Collection of data: contacts with Statistical Service and relevant parties involved • Analysis of data • Trips abroad • Database • Workshops for raising awareness

  14. Steps • Development of alternative scenarios with multi-criteria analysis • Techno-economic study • Selection of final scenarios • Dissemination of project results

  15. Task 1:Analysis of the characteristics of the waste streams – Presentation and assessment of the existing situation • Start/end date: 1.1.2004 – 30.4.2004 • Activities: • Subtask 1.1: Description of the characteristics of the waste stream – Determination of the potential environmental impacts • Subtask 1.2: Recording of the current situation related to the management of the three waste streams • Subtask 1.3: Identification of all actors involved in the generation and management of the waste stream • Subtask 1.4: Determination of all the competent authorities that are responsible for the control and monitoring of the management systems • Deliverables: • List of the waste stream’ characteristics, composition and potential environmental impacts (20.3.2004) • List of existing management practices (29.3.2004) • List of the actors and competent authorities involved (30.4.2004)

  16. Task 1: activities and outcome • Subtask 1.1: Description of the characteristics of the waste stream – Determination of the potential environmental impacts: • The characteristics and the composition of WEEE waste stream as well as of their dangerous substances were described in detail. Also, the potential environmental impacts which are related to the generation of these wastes are determined and assessed

  17. Task 1: activities and outcome • Subtask 1.2: Recording of the current situation related to the management of the WEEE waste stream: • The European and Cypriot environmental policy and legislation concerning the WEEE waste stream under examination were recorded and analyzed • The procedures and practices applied in Cyprus for the management of each waste stream Complete were illustrated • The effectiveness and the sustainability of the existing management schemes and systems were assessed

  18. Task 1: activities and outcome • Subtask 1.3: Identification of all actors involved in the generation and management of the waste stream: • All the actors involved in the life cycle of the products from which the waste are generated (producers, importers, transporters and users of products) were recorded

  19. Task 1: activities and outcome • Subtask 1.4: Determination of all the competent authorities that are responsible for the control and monitoring of the management systems: • All the competent authorities involved in the permitting, control and monitoring of the management systems and plants that will be constructed in Cyprus were recorded. Also, the effectiveness of the existing procedures that are followed by the competent authorities were evaluated. • The existing situation in Cyprus concerning the generation and the procedures applied for the management of the three waste streams was assessed overall - The weak points were determined and suggestions for improving were developed.

  20. Deliverables of Task 1 Report (Deliverable 1 of 1st Progress Report) including: • Description of the characteristics of the waste stream – Determination of the potential environmental impacts • Recording of the current situation related to the management of the WEEE waste stream • Identification of all actors involved in the generation and management of the waste stream • Determination of all the competent authorities that are responsible for the control and monitoring of the management systems

  21. Task 2: Detail inventory of the sources and quantities of waste stream – Forecasting of the future quantities that will be generated • Start/end date: 1.1.2005 – 30.4.2005 • Activities: • Subtask 2.1: Development of the inventory methodology and tools • Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory • Subtask 2.3: Development of an appropriate database • Subtask 2.4: Input of information into the database • Deliverables: • Information spreadsheets (29.2.2004) • Questionnaires (31.7.2004) • Catalogue of sources and quantities of wastes (30.9.2004) • Completed database (30.4.2005) • Report with primary collected data (30.4.2005) • Report with evaluated data (30.4.2005)

  22. Task 2: activities and outcome • Subtask 2.1: Development of the inventory methodology and tools: • The inventory programme (steps that must be followed for the collection of complete, representative and up-to-date data) was designed • All the actors and authorities involved in the generation and management of each waste stream, were recorded, individually • The actors and authorities which could provide data related to the three waste streams were selected (it must be mentioned that the primary data kept by the actors and authorities does not refer to waste quantities but could be used as a basis for the extraction of quantitative data) • Three informative spreadsheets were developed and distributed to the actors and authorities involved for their information about the project • The collection of the primary data was supported by questionnaires that were developed and distributed to the actors and authorities involved in order to collect data kept by them that are useful for the calculation of the quantities generated in the country per waste stream (the content of each questionnaire was adapted to the type and the form of the data kept)

  23. Task 2: activities and outcome • Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory: A. Collection and recording of primary data and information necessary for the estimation of the quantities of the waste stream • An extensive inventory programme took place in order to collect all the information related to the generation of the WEEE waste stream under examination. In particular, for each one of the WEEE waste stream, the following analytical primary data and information were collected and recorded

  24. Task 2: activities and outcome • Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory: Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: • Number of items and prices of Electrical and Electronic Equipment produced in Cyprus, number of items and prices of Electrical and Electronic Equipment produced in Cyprus, total price of Electrical and Electronic Equipment selling in Cyprus, data related to the Electrical and Electronic Equipment existing in Cypriot households and data concerning the companies of importing and selling of Electrical and Electronic Equipment.

  25. Task 2: activities and outcome • Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory: B.Assessment and evaluation of the primary collected data – Estimation of the quantities of WEEE generated in Cyprus – Future projections • All the primary collected data was used for the determination of the quantities of the WEEE waste stream under examination that were generated in Cyprus as well as for the estimation of the future quantities that will be generated. The calculation of the quantities generated was carried out using appropriate mathematical equations and models.

  26. Task 2: activities and outcome • Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory: Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: • Seven methods, applied in European and international level, for the calculation of the quantities of the several types of WEEE, were examined and analyzed: Market supply method, Market supply Α method, Stanford method, Carnegie Mellon Method, Time step method, Estimate Method and ICER Method. For the purposes of the KYPROS project, five types of WEEE were examined and their quantities generated were calculated. In particular:

  27. Estimation of waste refrigerators

  28. Estimation of waste microwave ovens

  29. Estimation of waste washing machines

  30. Estimation of waste televisions

  31. 1400000 1200000 1000000 800000 Kg Estimate method 600000 400000 200000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Estimation of waste personal computers (PCs)

  32. Εκτίμηση ΑΗΗΕ στα έτη 2005-2010 16000000 14000000 12000000 Supply 10000000 12 kg/κάτοικο Supply A 8000000 14 kg/ κάτοικο 16 kg/κάτοικο 6000000 18 Kg/κάτοικο 4000000 2000000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Estimation of the Total WEEE generation 2005-2010

  33. Task 2: activities and outcome • Subtask 2.2: Implementation of the inventory: Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment: • From the results obtained, it was concluded that the quantities of waste of PCs, microwave ovens, washing machines and TVs present increasing rate while the quantities of refrigerators remain quite constant. • In addition, the quantities generated annually per type of waste and per habitant were calculated as well as the total annual quantities of the WEEE per habitant. The total quantities of waste of the five types of EEE under examination were estimated to be 5.67 Kg/habitant, for the year 2008, when Cyprus must achieve the quantitative target of recovery of 4 Kg WEEE per habitant. The results show that the country could reach this target, focusing on the recovery of the five types of WEEE examined through the project, since these types of WEEE are bulky and can be managed more easily than other types of WEEE.

  34. Task 2: activities and outcome • Subtask 2.3: Development of an appropriate database: • An appropriate database was designed and developed for the WEEE waste stream

  35. Task 2: activities and outcome • Subtask 2.4: Input of information into the database: • All the data collected during subtask 2.2 was insert into the database developed via subtask 2.3. Using appropriate software tools, this collected material was assessed (the assessment includes forecast for future generation of the waste streams under examination). Also, this database provides the user with the capability to demonstrate the results in graphics.

  36. Deliverables of Task 2 • Information spreadsheets-Questionnaires (Deliverable 1 of 1st Progress Report • Report with primary collected data - Catalogue of sources (Deliverable 1 of Interim Report) • Quantities of WEEE waste stream under examination - Report with evaluated data (Deliverable 2 of Interim Report) • Completed database – Deliverable of the next Progress Report (December 2005)

  37. Task 3: Implementation of an appropriate multi-criteria supporting tool – Selection of management systems • Start/end date: 1.3.2005 – 30.6.2005 • Activities: • Subtask 3.1: Determination of the multi-criteria decision methodology • Subtask 3.2: Setting, description and calibration of the assessment criteria that used for the evaluation • Subtask 3.3: Description of the alternative scenarios - management systems • Subtask 3.4: Quantification of the criteria – Input of the data in the multi-criteria software tool – Screening of each management system according to its applicability • Deliverables: • Multi-criteria decision software tool (31.3.2005) • List of criteria used (20.4.2005) • Report with alternative management systems • Ranking of alternative management systems according to their applicability • Optimum management system for each waste stream

  38. Task 3: activities and outcome • Subtask 3.1: Determination of the multi-criteria decision methodology: Alternative multi – criteria decision methods were recorded and examined: I. Decision supporting tool based on the use of an aggregation function of groups of criteria • Step 1: Determination and selection of all the individual criteria - Classification of criteria in categories of criteria (groups of criteria) • Step 2: Each group of criteria are numerically weighed (factors of gravity), according to their importance (degree of importance) - The sum of the factors of gravity is 1 (100%) • Step 3: Each individual criterion is numerically weighed (factor of gravity), according to its importance in each group of criteria - The sum of the factors of gravity is 1 (100%)

  39. Task 3: activities and outcome • Subtask 3.1: Determination of the multi-criteria decision methodology: • Step 4: Development of the multi-criteria model, based on the aggregation function: • F (O)= Σ Ai *Οi • where: • Οi: each group of criteria • Αi : factor of gravity of each group of criteria • Σ Ai =1 (100%), • Step 5: Analysis of the characteristics of each individual criterion and quantification of their performance in a scale of 1 – 10. • Step 6: Recording of the actual characteristics of each individual criterion for each alternative scenario – Rating of their actual performance according to the scale set in Step 5. • Step 7: Input of the data obtained in step 6 into the multicriteria model (aggregation function) for each alternative scenario - Grading of the results for each scenario • Step 8: According to the results obtained from step 7, all the alternative scenarios are ranked (the scenario with the highest score is ranked first)

  40. Task 3: activities and outcome • Subtask 3.1: Determination of the multi-criteria decision methodology: II. Decision supporting tools based on the determination of individual criteria and comparison of alternative scenarios per couple for each criterion • Step 1: Determination and selection of all the individual criteria • Step 2: Each individual criterion is numerically weighed (factor of gravity), according to its importance - The sum of the factors of gravity is 1 (100%) • Step 3: Development of the multi-criteria model: • Models: ELECTRE – PROMETHEE (I, II) • Step 4: Analysis of the characteristics of each individual criterion and quantification of their performance in a scale of 1 – 10. • Step 5: Recording of the actual characteristics of each individual criterion for each alternative scenario – Rating of their actual performance according to the scale set in Step 5. • Step 6: Input of the data obtained in step 5 into the multi-criteria model for each alternative scenario – Ranking of alternative scenarios according to their suitability after comparison per couple According to their effectiveness, the most suitable multi-criteria model was selected: PROMETHEE II

  41. Task 3: activities and outcome • Subtask 3.2: Setting, description and calibration of the assessment criteria used for the evaluation: • All the assessment criteria were set, described and calibrated (14 criteria in four groups of criteria). Table 1 presents the criteria and groups of criteria used.

  42. Table 1: Individual criteria and groups of criteria

  43. Task 3: activities and outcome • Subtask 3.3: Description of the alternative scenarios - management systems: • All the scenarios- management systems that are possible for implementation were recorded and examined

  44. Life – Cycle of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEE)

  45. Flow diagram for the management of WEEE

  46. Typical composition of WEEE scrap

  47. Task 3: activities and outcome • Subtask 3.3: Description of the alternative scenarios - management systems: The following alternative management schemes were examined: • Scenario 1: Complete disassembly and forwarding of recyclable materials to the native existing market • Scenario 2: Complete disassembly and forwarding of recyclable materials to the native market (after developing of the appropriate infrastructures) • Scenario 3: Complete disassembly and transfer of recyclable materials abroad • Scenario 4: Partial disassembly forwarding of recyclable materials to the native existing market • Scenario 5: Partial disassembly and forwarding of recyclable materials to the native market (after developing of the appropriate infrastructures) • Scenario 6: Partial disassembly and transfer of recyclable materials abroad

  48. Flow chart of TV disassembly

  49. Flow chart of PC disassembly

  50. Task 3: activities and outcome • Subtask 3.3: Description of the alternative scenarios - management systems: Methods of chopping of WEEE • I. Treating of bulky domestic WEEE (refrigerators, washing machines etc.) in chopping systems used for ELVs: • Disassembly and removal of parts that contain PCBs is necessary before chopping • Low cost • Recovery of materials: Up to 75% • Production of high amount of residues that are transferred to landfill • II. Treating of bulky domestic WEEE (refrigerators, washing machines etc.) in appropriately designed chopping systems: • Disassembly and removal of parts that contain PCBs, plastics, electric motors etc. is necessary before chopping • Higher cost • Recovery of materials: Up to 90%

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