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Ch. 4 Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Ch. 4 Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals. Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778). Taxonomy. Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919). Evolutionary Tree. Hierarchical System Classification. Taxa & Taxonomic Ranks. Kingdom. Phylum. Class. Order. Family. Genus. Binomial Nomenclature. species.

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Ch. 4 Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

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  1. Ch. 4 Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

  2. Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) Taxonomy

  3. Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919) Evolutionary Tree

  4. Hierarchical System Classification Taxa & Taxonomic Ranks Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Binomial Nomenclature species

  5. Binomial Nomenclature Genus species Cupelopagisvorax Homosapiens

  6. What is a Species? 1. Common descent 2. The smallest distinct grouping 3. Reproductive community

  7. What is a Species? Typological Species Concept Biological Species Concept Evolutionary Species Concept Cohesion Species Concept Phylogenetic Species Concept

  8. Phylogenetic Systematics The evolutionary relationships among species Species 4 speciation Species 2 Species 5 Species 1 (ancestral sp) speciation Species 6 Species 3 speciation Species 7

  9. Homology Taxonomic Characters and Reconstruction of Phylogeny

  10. Using Character Variation to Reconstruct Phylogeny Ancestral Character State Derived Character States

  11. Constructing a Phylogeny the polarity of a variable character

  12. Constructing a Phylogeny Identify the outgroup

  13. Constructing a Phylogeny

  14. Constructing a Phylogeny Clade Synapomorphies

  15. Constructing a Phylogeny Cladogram

  16. Sources of Phylogenetic Information Comparative morphology Comparative biochemistry Comparative cytology

  17. Phyletic Relationships Monophyletic

  18. Phyletic Relationships Paraphyletic

  19. Phyletic Relationships Polyphyletic

  20. SYSTEMATICS The study of phylogenetic relationships among species Conservation of species Tracing the origin and spread of disease Understanding how traits have evolved and the process of evolution

  21. Major Divisions of Life Aristotle’s 2 Kingdom System 3 Kingdom System Whittaker’s 5 Kingdom System 3 Monophyletic Domains Eucarya Bacteria Archaea

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