Western Europe 1200-1500 Architecture & Renaissance

1. Western Europe 1200-1500Architecture & Renaissance Chapter 14

2. Gothic CathedralArchitectural Style • Began in France in the 12c. • Pointed arches replaced rounded Roman arches. • Flying buttresses. • Stained glass windows. • Elaborate, ornate interior. • Taller, more airy  lots of light. • Lavish sculpture  larger-than-life.

3. The Gothic Cathedral

4. Gothic Floor Plans

5. Canterbury Cathedral, England

6. Interior of a Gothic Cathedral

7. Interior of a Gothic Cathedral

8. St. Etienne, Bourges, late 12c “Flying” Buttresses

9. Flying Buttress

10. Gothic “Filigree” Closeups

11. Cathedral Gargoyles

12. Stained Glass Windows • For the glory of God. • For religiousinstructions.

13. Notre Dame Cathedral

14. Rose Window Chartres Cathedral, Paris The good, of course, is always beautiful, and the beautiful never lacks proportion. ---Plato

15. The Renaissance • Began mid-fourteenth century • Began Northern Italy and spread to northern Europe • Triggered by: • After Southern Italy free of all foreign influence, Greek & Arabic manuscripts found & translated into Latin • Works by Plato & Aristotle • Works by Muslims • Treatises on medicine, math, & geography

16. Focus on Learning • Establishment of independent colleges & universities • Modeled after Muslim madrasas • 1300-1500 – 60 universities • Courses taught in Latin • Bologna – law • Montpellier & Salerno – medicine • Paris & Oxford - theology

18. Importance of Theology • Seen as the central discipline • Scholasticism – synthesize reason & faith • Summa Theologica – Thomas Aquinas – intertwined Christian beliefs with Aristotelian principles

19. Literature • Most used Greco-Roman themes and mythology • Many wrote in vernacular languages instead of Latin • Dante – Divine Comedy • Dante’s trip through 9 circles of hell, purgatory, and paradise • Chaucer – Canterbury Tales • Pilgrims on their way to Canterbury

20. Humanists • Interest in humanities, classical disciplines of grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, & ethics • Reformed secondary education curriculum which still dominates Europe and the Americas today • Their influence was wide because of new printing technology • Printing press (1450) – movable type that pressed inked type onto sheets of paper

21. Renaissance and the Church • Pope Nicholas V created the Vatican Library • Purchased Greco-Roman scrolls • Dutch scholar Erasmus – retranslated the New Testament correcting errors & mistranslations in the Latin text • Gutenberg – Gutenberg Bible (1454) was first book in the West printed • Growing number of literate population

22. Art Patronage • Italians willing to spend money on art • Art in Florence supported by the guilds • Consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social and political status

23. Art • Focus • Biblical subjects • Greco-Roman deities • Mythical tales • Scenes of daily life • Flemish painter Jan van Eyck introduced oil painting • Characteristics • Realism & expression • Individualism • Geometrical arrangement of figures • Light and shadowing

24. Leonardo daVinci • Vitruvian Man • 1492

25. Self-Portrait -- da Vinci, 1512 • Artist • Sculptor • Architect • Scientist • Engineer • Inventor 1452 - 1519

26. The Virgin of the Rocks • 1483-1486

27. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498

28. David • MichelangeloBonarotti • 1504 • Marble

29. The Sistine ChapelMichelangelo 1508 - 1512

30. The Sistine Chapel Details

31. St. Peter’s Basilica