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Western Europe 1200-1500 Architecture & Renaissance

Western Europe 1200-1500 Architecture & Renaissance. Chapter 14. Gothic Cathedral Architectural Style. Began in France in the 12 c . Pointed arches replaced rounded Roman arches. Flying buttresses. Stained glass windows. Elaborate, ornate interior. Taller, more airy  lots of light.

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Western Europe 1200-1500 Architecture & Renaissance

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  1. Western Europe 1200-1500Architecture & Renaissance Chapter 14

  2. Gothic CathedralArchitectural Style • Began in France in the 12c. • Pointed arches replaced rounded Roman arches. • Flying buttresses. • Stained glass windows. • Elaborate, ornate interior. • Taller, more airy  lots of light. • Lavish sculpture  larger-than-life.

  3. The Gothic Cathedral

  4. Gothic Floor Plans

  5. Canterbury Cathedral, England

  6. Interior of a Gothic Cathedral

  7. Interior of a Gothic Cathedral

  8. St. Etienne, Bourges, late 12c “Flying” Buttresses

  9. Flying Buttress

  10. Gothic “Filigree” Closeups

  11. Cathedral Gargoyles

  12. Stained Glass Windows • For the glory of God. • For religiousinstructions.

  13. Notre Dame Cathedral

  14. Rose Window Chartres Cathedral, Paris The good, of course, is always beautiful, and the beautiful never lacks proportion. ---Plato

  15. The Renaissance • Began mid-fourteenth century • Began Northern Italy and spread to northern Europe • Triggered by: • After Southern Italy free of all foreign influence, Greek & Arabic manuscripts found & translated into Latin • Works by Plato & Aristotle • Works by Muslims • Treatises on medicine, math, & geography

  16. Focus on Learning • Establishment of independent colleges & universities • Modeled after Muslim madrasas • 1300-1500 – 60 universities • Courses taught in Latin • Bologna – law • Montpellier & Salerno – medicine • Paris & Oxford - theology

  17. Importance of Theology • Seen as the central discipline • Scholasticism – synthesize reason & faith • Summa Theologica – Thomas Aquinas – intertwined Christian beliefs with Aristotelian principles

  18. Literature • Most used Greco-Roman themes and mythology • Many wrote in vernacular languages instead of Latin • Dante – Divine Comedy • Dante’s trip through 9 circles of hell, purgatory, and paradise • Chaucer – Canterbury Tales • Pilgrims on their way to Canterbury

  19. Humanists • Interest in humanities, classical disciplines of grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, & ethics • Reformed secondary education curriculum which still dominates Europe and the Americas today • Their influence was wide because of new printing technology • Printing press (1450) – movable type that pressed inked type onto sheets of paper

  20. Renaissance and the Church • Pope Nicholas V created the Vatican Library • Purchased Greco-Roman scrolls • Dutch scholar Erasmus – retranslated the New Testament correcting errors & mistranslations in the Latin text • Gutenberg – Gutenberg Bible (1454) was first book in the West printed • Growing number of literate population

  21. Art Patronage • Italians willing to spend money on art • Art in Florence supported by the guilds • Consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social and political status

  22. Art • Focus • Biblical subjects • Greco-Roman deities • Mythical tales • Scenes of daily life • Flemish painter Jan van Eyck introduced oil painting • Characteristics • Realism & expression • Individualism • Geometrical arrangement of figures • Light and shadowing

  23. Leonardo daVinci • Vitruvian Man • 1492

  24. Self-Portrait -- da Vinci, 1512 • Artist • Sculptor • Architect • Scientist • Engineer • Inventor 1452 - 1519

  25. The Virgin of the Rocks • 1483-1486

  26. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498

  27. David • MichelangeloBonarotti • 1504 • Marble

  28. The Sistine ChapelMichelangelo 1508 - 1512

  29. The Sistine Chapel Details

  30. St. Peter’s Basilica

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