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Timeline

Timeline. 2800-2000 BCE Indus Valley civilization began 1200-900 BCE Earliest Holy Scriptures compiled 900-600 BCE Brahmanical religion develops, emphasizing ritual and social obligation

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Timeline

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  1. Timeline • 2800-2000 BCE Indus Valley civilization began • 1200-900 BCE Earliest Holy Scriptures compiled • 900-600 BCE Brahmanical religion develops, emphasizing ritual and social obligation • 800-300 BCE More Holy Scriptures are written, which include the ideas of reincarnation and karma as well as the rise of devotional movements • 500 BCE Buddhism and Jainism founded in India

  2. Timeline • 600-1600 CE Holy Scriptures continue to be written and worship rituals develop • 1700-1900 CE Hindu Renaissance • 1857 CE National War of Independence • 1895 CE Vedanta Society founded to promote Hinduism as a world religion and India as a nation • 1915 CE Gandhi joins the nationalist movement (1948 assassinated) • 1950 CE Constitution of India

  3. General Facts • One of the oldest religions and 3rd largest • One god in three persons with many helpers • Believe there is more than one way to reach “Heaven” • Does not have a specific Holy Literature, instead several books • Family oriented and very cultural • Believe in reincarnation • Mainly practiced in India • Has over 900 million believers worldwide as of 2009. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jesIqlDkKdY

  4. Location

  5. Maps of Origin and Distribution

  6. Maps of Origin and Distribution

  7. Holy Scripture • Vedas (Wisdom) • Divided into two broad categories: Shruti and Smriti • Original four parts • Rig Veda: oldest part of Vedas • Yajur Veda: about sacrifices • Sama Veda: hymnal to the gods • Atharva-Veda: magic spells • Scripture added later • Brahmanas: duties of the priests explained • Upanishads: meaning of the universe mediations • Mahabharata: tale of war between the gods • Ramayana: story of god Rama and the quest to find his wife ,Sita, from the demon called Ravana • Puranas: elaborates on the stories, worshipping of different gods, creation, destruction and re-creation of the universe, philosophy, as well as other topics • Bhagavad Gita: also part of the holy scripture

  8. Holy Scripture • Vedas are god ordained and sacred • One god but three in one (Triad): • Brahman: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva • Brahma: creator • Vishnu: protector/ preserver • Shiva: destroyer Shiva Vishnu Brahma

  9. Symbols and Artifacts • Sanskrit Om is used in prayers or mantras • Cows are considered sacred because of their gentleness and they give more that they take http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgEk4dPImNI Om- Purity and possibility

  10. Symbols and Artifacts Bindi Vermillion bindi (red dot) Bindi: symbolizes female energy and protection from evil Hindu god Shiva Nataraja (Lord of the Dance) performing the cosmic dance of bliss. Lotus Flower: symbolizes seeking Moksha http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=002AY4cb5uw watch if time about Bindi

  11. Fundamental Principles • Teachings: Four aims • Dharma: performing religious and social duties • Artha: building up of wealth • Kama: fulfilling one’s desires • Moksha: freedom of the continuous cycles of reincarnation

  12. Fundamental Principles • Ways of Achieving Moksha: • Knowledge: to experience union with the gods • Action: acting selfless, others before yourself • Devotion: prayers, chanting of Vedas, surrender oneself to the will of the gods

  13. Holidays • Raksha Bandhan: • Celebrates love between brother and sister • Celebrated in July or August • “ On Raksha Bandhan, sisters tie a bracelet onto their brother’s hand which means we wish him luck for the rest of his life and he gives his sisters money,” my friend Mona Patel said.

  14. Holidays • Navarati: • Nine day celebration of Mother Durga’s victory over evil demon • Celebrated this year from October 9-18, 2010 • “We dance tradition dances like the Garba and the Raas from like 8 till 3 in the morning,” my friend Mona Patel said. Couple dance the Garba

  15. Holidays • Diwali: • celebrates the goddess named Lakshmi (luhksh-mee), who is the goddess of wealth, fertility, and prosperity. • Celebrated in October or November • Is also known as the festival of lights and is the start of the financial year in India

  16. Religious Rites • Prenatal Rituals • Rite of Conception: performed before conception, wish for a male child and protection of the child while in the womb. • After 3-4 months another ceremony is performed wishing for male child and safeguards against miscarriages. • Between 4-8 months a ceremony is performed to protect the child against evil spirits. • Childhood Rituals: • Naming ceremony occurs between the 10th and 12th day of life. • Girls receive ceremonial ear piercing between the ages of 1 to 5. • Boys receive their first haircut by the time they turn 5. • Other rituals are performed to help the children prepare to assume their religious and social duties as adults • Upanayana is a spiritual re-birth that only involves males from the upper three castes in Hindu Society which leads to purity. (Ages 16,22,24)

  17. Religious Rites • Marriage • Important ritual in Hindu society • A man is not complete until marriage and having a son. • Elaborate ceremony Red and Gold: symbolizes love and faith Lady wearing a traditional wedding Sari Nikit Malkan wearing a sherwani which is typically worn during religious or attending wedding ceremonies

  18. Religious Rites • Death: • Body is carried in a procession to the local cremation grounds • Procession lead by eldest son, who acts as chief mourner calling out the name of a god. • Cremation is the last the sacrifice in which the body is offered in the sacred fire • The deceased is born again and united with their ancestors • Mourning can last from 12 days -1 year

  19. Major ContributorsNo single founder Veda Vyasa 1500 BCE Sankara 700 CE Madhva 1200 CE Ramanuja 1000 CE

  20. Religious & Social Structure Brahmins-Priests Kshatriya- Warriors Vaisyas- Commoners/ Merchants Sudras- Peasants/Artisans Pariahs- Untouchables

  21. Roles of Women • Not allowed to read or hear Vedas because they are not believed to be spiritually inclined. • Dependent on fathers, husbands, and sons • Primarily viewed as mothers http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBsYhq-eTXA

  22. Art • Most art is centered around religious beliefs. • Dance • Music • Sculpture

  23. Science/Technology • Education: 1st University 700 BCE • Mathematics: Concept of zero, Quadratic equation, Trigonometry • Astronomy: Solar System, 365 days/year • Medicine: Holistic and herbal practices

  24. Influence on Political & Economic Systems • Mahatma(Mohandas) Gandhi (1869-1949): • Father of India • Lead non-violent protests against the British • Influenced Martin Luther King Jr. who lead the United States Civil Rights Movement in 1960’s to end segregation • The Caste system and the religious beliefs influenced both the Political and Economic systems of India

  25. Works Cited • "Assorted Videos." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. <http://www.youtube.com/>. • "BBC - Religion: Hinduism." BBC - Homepage. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/hinduism/>. • "CMP - Religions in Canada - Hinduism." Chief Military Personnel | Chef - Personnel Militaire. Web. 19 Oct. 2010. <http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/pub/rc/rel/hinduism-hindouis-eng.asp>. • "Desecration of Culture in Modern Garba." Hindu Janajagruti Samiti. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. <www.hindujanajagrutisamiti.org>. • Goa, David J., and Harold G. Coward. "Hinduism." The Canadian Encyclopedia. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. <http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=A1ARTA0003777>. • "Images." Google. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. <http://www.google.ca/>. • Martin, Phillip. "PowerPoint's on Hinduism." Hinduism PowerPoint's. Web. 18 Oct. 2010. <http://religions.pppst.com/hinduism.html>. • "The Meaning of Om." Om and Mantras. Web. 19 Oct. 2010. <www.omsakthi.org/worship/mantra.html>. • "Other Hindu Symbols." YGO Hinduism. Web. 20 Oct. 2010. <http://hinduism.ygoy.com/more-hinduism/symbols.php>. • "Religious Distribution of the Population." Population Foundations of India. 2005. Web. 19 Oct. 2010. <http://www.popfound.org/pop_clock.html>. • Wangu, Madhu Bazaz. Hinduism World Religion. New York: Facts on File, 1991. Print. • "Timeline of Hinduism - Religion Facts." Religion, World Religions, Comparative Religion - Just the Facts on the World's Religions. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. <http://www.religionfacts.com/hinduism/timeline.htm>. • "Hinduism Basics." Hindu American Foundation. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. <http://www.hafsite.org/resources/hinduism_101/hinduism_basics>.

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