Types of Sentences

1. Types of Sentences

2. The Simple Sentence What is a sentence? • A group of words with a subject, a verb and a complete idea. • We expect to make a profit this year. What is a simple sentence? • A sentence with one subject and one mainverb. • All of the employees and their husbands or wives enjoyed the annual dinner at the hotel.

3. Simple Sentence Example • Majed travels to Amsterdam every year in the summer time. This is a simple sentence. It contains one subjectMajed and one verb travels.

4. Compound Sentence • A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses (or simple sentences) joined by coordinating conjunctions like "and," "but," and "or": • Simple • Canada is a rich country. • Simple • Still, it has many poor people. • Compound • Canada is a rich country, but still it has many poor people.

5. What is an independent clause? A subject, verb and complete idea– it can be a sentence on its own! Everyone was celebrating.

6. Compound Sentence A compound sentence contains two independent clauses that are joined together. She works in the city, but she lives in the suburbs. Independent Clause Independent Clause

7. COMPOUND SENTENCE:COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS FOR AND NOR BUT OR YET SO

8. Coordinating Conjunctions

9. Complex & Compound-complex Sentences “We can do anything we want as long as we stick to it long enough.” Helen Keller

10. The Complex Sentence A complex sentence contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. Unlike a compound sentence, however, a complex sentence contains clauses which are not equal. Consider the following examples: Simple My friend invited me to a party. I do not want to go. Compound My friend invited me to a party, but I do not want to go. Complex Although my friend invited me to a party, I do not want to go.

11. The Complex Sentence In the first example, there are two separate simple sentences: "My friend invited me to a party" and "I do not want to go." The second example joins them together into a single sentence with the coordinating conjunction "but," but both parts could still stand as independent sentences -- they are entirely equal, and the reader cannot tell which is most important. In the third example, however, the sentence has changed quite a bit: the first clause, "Although my friend invited me to a party," has become incomplete, or a dependent clause.

12. The Complex Sentence A complex sentence is very different from a simple sentence or a compound sentence because it makes clear which ideas are most important. When you write My friend invited me to a party. I do not want to go. or even My friend invited me to a party, but I do not want to go. The reader will have trouble knowing which piece of information is most important to you. When you write the subordinating conjunction "although" at the beginning of the first clause, however, you make it clear that the fact that your friend invited you is less important than, or subordinate, to the fact that you do not want to go.

13. Are these sentences? • When we went on a long journey through the woods on a sunny Friday morning. • It was fine. • Because he was not only tall but also one of the hardest workers in the area. • Sing that song. (View answers on the next slide.)

14. Answers! (Dependent clause)When we went on a long journey through the woods on a sunny Friday morning. (Sentence)It was fine. (Dependent Clause)Because he was not only tall but also one of the hardest workers in the area. (Sentence)Sing that song.

15. What is a dependent clause? A group of words with a subject and verb, but not expressing a complete idea. Because the profits had been so great. Although it was late. Until the early hours of the morning. Whether they wanted to or not. Even if they’d rather be at home reading the newspaper. A dependent clause cannot stand on its own!

16. A dependent clause… • Cannot stand on its own because it does not express a complete thought because… • It begins with a subordinating conjunction • (because, although, until, whether, etc.) BUT… • It can join an independent clause (simple sentence) to become a… • Complex sentence!

17. The Complex Sentence Complex sentences have a different structure from simple and compound sentences: Independent Clause + Dependent Clause or Dependent Clause + Comma + Independent Clause = Complex Sentence A complex sentence contains 1 independent clause and 1 or more dependent clauses. If a dependent clause begins the sentence, there normally is a comma (,) after it. If an independent clause begins a complex sentence there should not be a comma after it.

18. Subordinating Conjunctions After how Until Although if Unless As in as much   as if in order that When as long as At least Whenever as much as now that whereas soon wherever as though Since While because so that Before even if That even though though

19. Complex Sentences A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause. John cannot set up his typewriter because the wall has no outlet. Independent Clause Subordinating Conjunction Dependent Clause

20. An example of Complex Sentences A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and one dependent clause. She will go to school in the city until she finds a job. Independent Clause Subordinating Conjunction Dependent Clause

21. Complex Sentences Use a comma after a dependent clause if it begins the sentence. When I first moved to the city, I was afraid to drive the steep and narrow streets. Use a comma if the dependent clause is the first part of the sentence. Subordinating Conjunction Independent Clause

22. Review • Mary went to the park, but John stayed at home. • Tom wanted to exercise, so he went for a walk. • The dog that ate my homework is sick. • Mary likes reading; John likes television. • Bill is the one who usually sits here. • John who sits behind me is on the basketball team. • You can study now or pray later. • All that glitters is not gold.

23. Mary went to the park, but John stayed at home. Tom wanted to exercise, so he went for a walk. The dog that ate my homework is sick. Mary likes reading; John likes television. Bill is the one who usually sits here. John who sits behind me is on the basketball team. You can study now or pray later. All that glitters is not gold. Compound Compound Complex Compound Complex Complex Simple Complex Answers