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Levels of Organization Human Anatomy and Physiology Burlington High School Mr. Everson

Levels of Organization Human Anatomy and Physiology Burlington High School Mr. Everson.

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Levels of Organization Human Anatomy and Physiology Burlington High School Mr. Everson

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  1. Levels of Organization Human Anatomy and Physiology Burlington High School Mr. Everson

  2. Structural levels of organization:body has many levels of organizationsimplest level is the chemical level (study on your own in ch.2)AtomsoTiny building blocks come together to formmoleculesocome together to formcellsosmallest unit of living thingsobasic structure of all living thingscellular level examined in chapter 3.

  3. tissuesogroups of similar cells with common functiono4 basic typesocome together to make up…organsocomplex functions become possibleorgan systemogroup of organs that cooperate to accomplish a common purposeorganismomade up of 11 systems ohighest level of structural organization

  4. Principal Systems:

  5. Integumentary A. Skin I. waterproofs the body ii. Cushions and protects iii. Excretes salts and urea in perspiration iv. Help regulate body temperature B. Receptors I. Pain ii. Pressure iii. temperature

  6. Skeletal • bones, cartilage, ligaments and joints • Supports the body and provides a framework for skeletal muscles to do work. Has a protective function I. skull C. Hematopoiesis I. formation of blood cells D. Storage of minerals

  7. Muscular • Have one fuction…to contract (shorten) 1. Types a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth

  8. Nervous • Body’s fast acting control system • Consists of: • Spinal Cord • Brain • Nerves • Sensory receptors

  9. Endocrine A. Body’s slow acting control system B. Produces chemical molecules called hormones I. released into blood ii. Travel to distant organs C. made up of: I. Pituitary gland ii. Thyroid gland iii. Parathyroid gland iv. Adrenal glands v. thymus vi. Pancreas vii. Pineal viii. Ovaries (female) ix. Testes (male)

  10. Cardiovascular • Heart and blood vessels • Uses blood to transport to and from tissues • Oxygen • Nutrients • Hormones • Other substances

  11. Lymphatic • Compliments the cardiovascular system I. includes 1. Lymphatic vessels 2. Lymph nodes 3. Spleen 4. Tonsils ii. Return leaked fluids to the cv system iii. Work extensively on immunity

  12. Respiratory A. Keeps the body constantly supplied with oxygen and removed carbon dioxide B. consists of I. Nasal passages ii. Pharynx iii. Larynx iv. Trachea v. bronchi vi. Lungs a. contain tiny air sacks 1. Alveoli 2. Gasseous exhange takes place here

  13. Digestive • Tube running from mouth to anus • Include • Oral cavity • Esophagus • Stomach • Small and large intestines • Rectum • Role is to break down food and deliver products To the blood • Undigested food is expelled as feces

  14. B. Breakdown • I. starts in the mouth • ii. Ends in the small intestine • iii. End of digestive system is for • reabsorption of fluids • Other organs • Liver • Produces bile to breakdown fats • Pancreas a. Insulin to transport sugars

  15. Urinary • Removes waste from the body • Usually nitrogen containing products • AKA excretory system • Composed of: • Kidneys • Ureters • Bladder • Urethra • Maintains body salt and water balance • Regulates acid and base of blood as well

  16. Reproductive • Function is to produce offspring • Sperm are produced by the males • Structures • Scrotum • Penis • Accessory glands • Duct system • Eggs are produced by the females • Structures • Uterine tubes • Uterus • vagina

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