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Circulatory System

Circulatory System. Background . Circulatory system Body’s highway for transporting materials Interactions with other systems Respiratory system Transports CO 2 & O 2 Excretory system Transports wastes Digestive system Transports nutrients. Circulatory System. Main purpose

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Circulatory System

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  1. Circulatory System

  2. Background • Circulatory system • Body’s highway for transporting materials • Interactions with other systems • Respiratory system • Transports CO2 & O2 • Excretory system • Transports wastes • Digestive system • Transports nutrients

  3. Circulatory System • Main purpose • Transport materials

  4. Main organ • Heart • Cardiac Muscle Tissue • Wave of contraction – heart beat • Nervous Tissue • Bundles of nerve tissue called nodes • Connective Tissue • Surrounds the heart • Protects the heart against friction and absorbs shock from movement

  5. Size & Location of heart • As big as your fist • In the thoracic cavity • Behind the sternum • Between the lungs

  6. Parts of the heart • Septum • Muscle that divides the heart in left and right halves

  7. Parts of the heart • Upper chambers • Right atrium • Collects blood from the body • Deoxygenated blood • Left atrium • Collects blood from the lungs • Oxygenated blood

  8. Parts of the heart • Lower chambers • Right ventricle • Receives blood from the right atrium • Pumps blood to the lungs • Left ventricle • Receives blood from the left atrium • Pumps blood to the body

  9. Parts of the heart • Atrioventricular valves • Tricuspid valve • Separates the right atrium from right ventricle • Prevents back flow of blood • Bicuspid valve or mitral valve • Separates left atrium from left ventricle • Prevents back flow of blood

  10. Parts of the heart • Semilunar valves • Separates ventricles from arteries • Prevents back flow of blood • Examples • Pulmonary semilunar valve • Aortic semilunar valve

  11. Blood Vessels • Leading to the heart • Superior vena cava - “above” • Brings blood from the upper body to the heart • Inferior vena cava - “below” • Brings blood from the lower body to the heart • Pulmonary vein - “lungs” • Brings blood from the lungs to the heart

  12. Blood Vessels • Leading away from the heart • Aorta • “arch” • Takes blood away from the heart to the rest of the body • Pulmonary arteries • “lung” • Takes blood from the heart to the lungs

  13. Upper body Superior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary semilunar valve Pulmonary arteries Lungs Pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic semilunar valve Aorta Body Flow of blood through the heart

  14. Other blood vessels • Iliac arteries • Carries blood away from the heart to the legs • Oxygenated Blood • Iliac veins • Carries blood to the heart from the legs • Deoxygenated Blood

  15. Other Blood Vessels • Renal arteries • Carries blood away from the heart to the kidneys • Oxygenated Blood • Renal veins • Carries blood to the heart from the kidneys • Deoxygenated Blood

  16. Other blood vessels • Hepatic arteries • Carries blood away from the heart to the liver • Oxygenated Blood • Hepatic veins • Carries blood to the heart from the liver • Deoxygenated Blood

  17. Other blood vessels • Coronary arteries • Carries blood away from the heart to the heart • Oxygenated Blood • Coronary veins • Carries blood to the heart from the heart • Deoxygenated Blood

  18. Other Blood Vessels • Pulmonary arteries • Carries blood away from the heart to the lungs • Deoxygenated Blood • Pulmonary veins • Carries blood to the heart from the lungs • Oxygenated Blood

  19. Other blood vessels • Subclavian arteries • Carries blood away from the heart to the arms • Oxygenated Blood • Subclavian veins • Carries blood to the heart from the arms • Deoxygenated Blood

  20. Other Blood Vessels • Carotid arteries • Carries blood away from the heart to the head • Oxygenated Blood • Jugular vein • Carries blood to the heart from the head • Deoxygenated Blood

  21. Control of Heartbeat • Sinoatrial node (SA node) • Pacemaker • Found in the right atrium • Causes the atria to contract and sends a message to the atrioventricular node (AV node)

  22. Control of Heartbeat • AV node • Found in the septum • Causes the ventricles to contract via AV bundles & branches

  23. Blood Pressure • Pressure that the blood exerts on the main arteries • Usually use the brachial artery • Measured in mmHg (millimeters of mercury) • Example: • systole/diastole • 120/80

  24. Blood Pressure • Systolic • Ventricles contract • Blood is forced up into the arteries • Top number • Larger number since the contraction is forcing blood upward against gravity

  25. Blood Pressure • Diastolic • Ventricles relax • Blood flows into the ventricles from the atria • Bottom number • Smaller number since there is no contraction and the blood is simply pouring in

  26. Heart Rate • Measured in beats per minute • Can be studied by taking a pulse or with an EKG

  27. Pulse • Taken by pressingyour fingers against an artery • Common places • Wrist • Neck area • A weak pulse may be a sign of shock, heart failure, or poor circulation • Example: 18 beats in 15 seconds : 72 bpm

  28. EKG (ECG) • Electrocardiogram • Measures heart rhythm, heart rate (bpm), and electrical impulses (volt) • Used to check for abnormalities of the heart

  29. P wave • Contraction of the atria • QRS complex • Contraction of the ventricles • T wave • Relaxation of the ventricles

  30. How many bpm are in 60 sec - EKG?

  31. EKG practice problems:How many beats/minute?

  32. Investigating Cardiac Lab Animation

  33. Pulmonary circulation When the blood travels between the heart and the lungs

  34. Systemic circulation • When the blood travels between the heart and the body tissues • Includes coronary, renal, and hepatic portal circulation

  35. Tissue Types

  36. Tissue Types of Muscle

  37. Blood vessels • Arteries • Structure • Inner endothelium – single layer of cells • Smooth muscle • Connective tissue • Types • Aorta • Arterioles (small arteries)

  38. Blood Vessels • Veins • Structure • Inner endothelium • Smooth muscle • Connective tissue • VALVES – prevents backflow • Types • Vena cavas • Venules

  39. Special Note • Depends on surrounding skeletal muscle to bring blood back to the heart

  40. Blood Vessels • Capillaries • One cell thick • Connects arteries and veins • Diffusion takes place in these blood vessels. • Found all over the body & easy to break

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